tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15827223841333440542024-03-14T01:54:34.676-07:00How to write a persuasive essayWhilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.comBlogger266125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-59652997576911865512020-08-28T04:39:00.001-07:002020-08-28T04:39:08.443-07:00Maths Cars coursework Plan EssaysMaths Cars coursework Plan Essays Maths Cars coursework Plan Essay Maths Cars coursework Plan Essay The information base contains data about some trade-in vehicles. I will utilize the data to research what impacts and influences the cost of recycled vehicles. I will explore the value, age, and mileage of the vehicles. Additionally I will pick three kinds of vehicles and analyze their costs. The sorts of vehicles are: little vehicles, official vehicles and sports vehicles. I should gather information on these vehicles and afterward I am going to look at their ages utilizing similar pie diagrams. To do this I should ensure the pie outlines territories have a similar proportion as their sums. For that I need to pick the range for the littlest pie outline and work the radii for the other pie diagrams dependent on the past proportions and my picked sweep. I will likewise need to see the connections among's Age and Price, and the relationships among's, Mileage and Price. This will be done to check whether they have a negative relationship or positive connection. This will be finished uti lizing dissipate charts and how solid each factor impacts costs by spearman coefficient of rank connection. My speculations for this examination are: 1. There is a negative connection among's age and cost. 2. There is a negative connection among's mileage and cost. 3. Official vehicles are all in all increasingly costly at that point sports vehicles. 4. Sports vehicles will in general be progressively costly then little vehicles. 5. The relationship among's age and cost will be more grounded for little vehicles. 6. The impact of cost on age will be more grounded then impact of mileage on age. I should choose tests from all the vehicles and from the sorts of vehicles I have decided to research further. I will choose defined examples from all the vehicles and irregular from the sorts of vehicles I have picked. I will utilize arbitrary examples for part C, D, E, F, G and from each gathering I have decided to explore and defined examples for parts An and B. to do this I will utilize the PC to randomize the information to get irregular examples, anyway the examples may deliver a few anomalies (old vehicles with exceptionally significant expenses, Rolls Royce or Jaguar and so on.) such information I will disregard however I will make a note of the quantities of anomalies. I will plot each example on dissipate charts (one factor against cost) 8 disperse charts will be delivered: 1. separated example: age, cost 2. little vehicles: age, cost 3. official vehicles: age, cost 4. sports vehicles: age, cost 5. separated example: mileage, cost 6. little vehicles: mileage, cost 7. official vehicles: mileage, cost 8. sports vehicles: mileage, cost I will draw lines of best fit on each dissipate chart, working out mean first. I will work out spearmans coefficient of rank relationship for each disperse diagram. I will utilize y = mx + c to work out conditions of line of best fit. I will utilize the lines of best fit to anticipate costs given age or mileage for each kind of vehicle that I have picked. I will catch the importance of inclination and use it to analyze devaluations. I will work out mean cost and range for each kind of vehicle and set out in a table together for simple examination. Nxst I will utilize total recurrence charts to look at costs of little, official and sports vehicles. My recorded costs in gathered recurrence table to look at costs of my picked vehicles will be set out in this table: Sports Little Enormous Costs Count Recurrence Count Recurrence Count Recurrence à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½0-499 à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½500-1499 and so forth. What's more, total recurrence table: Up to Sports vehicles aggregate recurrence Little vehicles aggregate recurrence Medium vehicles aggregate recurrence à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½499 à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½1,499 And so forth. Next I will plot aggregate recurrence diagrams on one chart paper (utilizing various hues) and discover quartiles Q1, Q2, Q3 for each kind of vehicle. I will at that point draw box and hair charts utilizing various hues against one scale. At that point I will make examinations of costs utilizing medians and by utilizing interquartile ranges. At that point at last I will analyze the appropriation of costs of little, official and sports vehicles utilizing histograms with inconsistent stretches. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-48311525408344549232020-08-22T14:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:22:26.337-07:00Theoretical and Practical Knowledge free essay sampleSection three, Conceptual Framework of the investigation, presents the example whereupon the examination is tied down. Section four, Statement of the Problem, gives the general and explicit issues to be replied by the analyst. Section five, Assumption or potentially Hypothesis identifies the particular issues as well as what is to be existing. Section six, Definition of Terms, gives the theoretical and operational significance of the significant terms use in the investigation. Section seven, Significance of the Study, refers to from the advantages that could be gotten from the consequences of the investigation. Section eight, Delimitation of the Study, determines the extension and inclusion of the examination. Foundation of the Study People are the best asset of each nation and the best operators of progress, be that as it may, except if the individuals are outfitted with basic information, abilities and right mentalities, these capacities can never be a reality. To become viable specialist and director of progress, individuals must be taught. They should be outfitted with the information, abilities and right perspectives and qualities not exclusively to work and live well in the public eye, yet in addition to be innovative, beneficial and helpful residents of the nation. These abilities are most adequately evolved in individuals through instruction. Camarao, 1991). As indicated by President Ramos (1995), HR advancement is an essential worry in the journey for worldwide seriousness. Truth be told the administration must improve and hone the peopleââ¬â¢s capacities so as to adapt to quick changing worldwide condition especially in the field of training. The twenty-first century has arrived, and it is getting clear with it, will come logical and specialized advances that will keep on changing numerous things. All parts of our way of life are as of now being influenced by the ââ¬Å"computer revolutionâ⬠. Individuals are as a rule ceaselessly affected as innovation changes our instructive framework, economy, social framework, government, openings for work, and inventive articulations. Except if you plan to be a loner, PCs will influence you. So as to set up our selves for this profoundly specialized twenty-first century, people should be in fact educated and acquainted with the apparatuses of the day-gadgets PCs. A few specialists feel that, in the long run, the individual who doesn't have a clue how to utilize a PC will be similarly as disabled in playing out their activity as the individual today who can't peruse. With this contemplations, the specialist are motivated to direct an investigation that would decide the hypothetical and viable information in PC of the third year Bachelor in Secondary Education understudies who are majoring Computer Education. Audit of Literature A PC is an electronic gadget intended to control information with the goal that valuable data can be created. It is a machine from numerous points of view like different machines. It runs on power. It contains number of parts that cooperate. It is intended to play out specific errands. As a device, the PC has incredibly impacted the sums and sorts of information that individuals most have. The PC capacity to help answer questions, gain data and tackle complex issues has made a general public ward upon PC innovations. Today, fundamental abilities in processing are getting vital for work balance. PC proficiency is a term use to portray a general comprehension of electronic processing. The abilities should have been considered ââ¬Å"computer literateâ⬠change with each new advancement in the innovation. Since their presentation in schools in the mid 1980s PCs and PC programming have been progressively available to understudies and instructors in homerooms, PCs labs, school libraries, and outside of school. By the mid-1990s there were around 4. 5 million PCs in rudimentary and optional schools all through the United States. Schools purchase Macintosh and IBM â⬠good PCs only, albeit almost 50% of their stock is made out of PCs dependent on more seasoned structure, for example, the Apple lle. Understudies spend on the normal an hour out of every week utilizing school PCs. PCs can be utilized for learning and educating in school in any event four different ways. To begin with, learning includes obtaining data. PCs particularly connected to CD-ROMs and videodisks that electronically stores a large number of articles, visual pictures, and sounds-empower understudies to look through what might be compared to a reference book or a video library to respond to their own inquiries or basically to peruse through a labyrinth of captivating and outwardly engaging data. Second, learning includes the dynamic improvement of abilities like perusing and arithmetic aptitudes that are essential scholastic empowering influences. Programming called ââ¬Å"Computer-Assisted Instructionsâ⬠(CAI) suggests conversation starters to understudies and contrasts each answer and a solitary right answer. Commonly, such projects react to wrong answer with a clarification and another, comparable issue. Now and then CAI programs are implanted in an engaging game like setting that holds understudies intrigue but then keeps up understudy consideration on scholarly work. Most CAI programs spread restricted materials, however some enormous scope, multiyear perusing and arithmetic educational plans have been created. Third, learning includes the advancement of a wide assortment of investigative capabilities and complex comprehension. PCs assist understudies with achieving those objectives through programming, for example, word processors (to explain ideas and analyze guesses in arithmetic), electronic canvas and PC helped drafting (CAD) programs, music structure programs, reproductions of social situations and projects that gather information from science research center hardware and help in its examination. At long last, an enormous component in learning is speaking with others finding and drawing in a crowd of people with oneââ¬â¢s thoughts and questions. A few sort of PC programming can be utilized in schools for interchanges: work area distributing and picture altering programming for making proficient quality pieces of literature, PC programming dialects, for example, HyperCard for making intelligent PC activities, and broadcast communications programming for trading thoughts at electronic rates with understudies in different study halls everywhere throughout the world. Regardless of the assortment and intensity of training related PC programming, reviews have indicated that understudies are as yet utilizing school PCs essentially inside a constrained scope of the conceivable PC applications â⬠mostly to rehearse fundamental language and math aptitudes and to find out about PCs and PC programming. This is fundamentally the same as how understudies utilized the principal school microcomputers back in the mid 1980s. The significant change between the 1980s, and today in PC use has been a decreased accentuation on training understudies to program PCs and an expanded accentuation on encouraging word preparing and comparable PC applications. Just a little level of auxiliary school classes in customary subjects (Math, English, and Science) give understudies generous involvement with utilizing PCs. More primary school understudies use PCs than do secondary school understudies, however their utilization is fairly less broad. Indeed, even secondary school understudies experience PCs generally as another arrangement of aptitudes to ace, instead of utilizing them profitably to achieve understanding and to show skill in different subjects. There are a few reasons why most studentsââ¬â¢ utilization of school PCs is so restricted in time and assortment. The quantity of school PCs, albeit as yet developing, is little contrasted and the quantity of understudies present in schools (about one to ten). Schools keep on finding a greater part of their PCs in particular, instructor shared spaces like PC labs so as to empower whatever number understudies as could reasonably be expected to have some involvement with utilizing PCs, yet this these training blocks coordinating PCs into other learning exercises. Most normal study halls, on the off chance that they have any PCs whatsoever, have just a couple of, which blocks coordinating PCs access for whole homerooms of understudies. Another issue is the restricted limit of most school PCs. Aside from the numerous more established PCs in school, even a large number of the more up to date models have restricted preparing power, deficient PC memory, and an absence of capacity abilities, for example, hard circle drives and CD-ROM player. Thus a great part of the most as of late delivered, most modern programming can't be utilized on most schools PCs. What's more, most instructor with duty regarding showing five classes of understudies or for showing a wide range of subjects-don't have the opportunity to figure out how to utilize a wide assortment of kinds of programming in their educating. The more mind boggling the product, the more troublesome it is for instructor to figure out how to deal with its utilization. At long last, the expense of both PC equipment and programming is a lot more noteworthy than the expense of customary instructing and learning materials. Because of the challenges that schools have had in misusing the capability of the PC innovation, a few pundits consider PC to be as simply the most recent in a progression of fruitless endeavors to alter instruction using sound and outwardly situated non print media. For instance, movies, communicate TVs, filmstrips, sound recorders, and video types were all initially proclaimed for their instructional potential, however each of these eventually turned into a minor homeroom apparatus close by regular strategies. Supporters accept, in any case, that PCs are a considerably more remarkable learning medium than the instructional gadgets that went before them. They refer to the basic intuitive nature of utilizing PCs customized to incite dynamic and controls of visual situations. Learning undertakings can turn out to be increasingly individualized, empowering every understudy to get quick criticism. Specialists state that having understudies work cooperatively on PCs prompts more prominent activity and increasingly self-sufficient le Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-69400567727687301292020-08-21T12:04:00.001-07:002020-08-21T12:04:18.976-07:00Aristotelian Tragedy Macbeth free essay sampleAristotelian Tragedy: Macbeth Aristotle is known generally for building up his thoughts on disaster. He recorded these thoughts in his Poetics where he remarks on the plot, reason, and impact that a genuine catastrophe must have. The structure of these disasters has been a model for some, essayists including Shakespeare himself. Huge numbers of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays follow Aristotelian thoughts of disaster, for example Macbeth makes an OK showing in shadowing Aristotleââ¬â¢s model. Aristotle depicts one of the most significant components of a catastrophe to be a shocking legend. The deplorable legend anyway should introduce certain characteristics, for example, respectability and righteousness. In the play Macbeth, Macbeth is an ideal case of a sad legend. Macbeth starts the play returning home from fight, he is said to have battled with incredible mental fortitude and King Duncan himself grants him the title of the thane of Cawdor in remuneration for his courage. The characteristics make Macbeth an unfortunate legend as he has an honorable title, yet in addition the advantages of an extraordinary warrior and saint. We will compose a custom paper test on Aristotelian Tragedy Macbeth or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, Aristotle stresses that if the grievous legend was as immaculate as he appears than the crowd would not have the option to relate to him and this would not be viewed as a disaster. Macbeth gives us his humankind right off the bat in the play when he discovers that Malcolm, Duncanââ¬â¢s child, will be the beneficiary to the position of royalty of Scotland. Accordingly, Macbeth recognizes that he himself ought to be granted the crown and won't rest until eminence is his. Macbeth is a yearning character, which is a quality that numerous people can relate to. This aspiration is known as Macbethââ¬â¢s deplorable blemish. This prompts Aristotleââ¬â¢s next segment of a disaster, the appalling blemish. The heroââ¬â¢s deplorable imperfection must prompt the defeat of the character; his death can be brought about by nobody other than himself. Macbethââ¬â¢s aspiring character drives him to get got up to speed in accomplishing power for himself. Macbethââ¬â¢s merciless conduct makes him submit murder to Duncan so as to pick up majesty. Much after his desire works out, he keeps on relinquishing the lives of others, including his dear companion Banquo, to guarantee that he never loses his position of royalty. In any case, Macbeth doesn't go unpunished as he endures endless dreams and deceptions that drive him to madness. The loss of his better half additionally carries Macbeth to his last end result. At long last, Macbeth is slaughtered by Macduff; due to his self-importance he accepted he was powerful significantly subsequent to being told his destiny. Macbeth arrives at his end through a similar way he carried on with his life, through homicide and misleading. Many contend over the decency of Macbethââ¬â¢s life, yet the objective of a disaster in Aristotleââ¬â¢s see point is to strike dread and pity in the crowd through cruel discipline upon the saint in outrageous manners. At long last, Aristotle asserts that all together for a disaster to be successful, the dread and pity must be discharged from the crowd through purgation. First the deplorable saint must increase some information from his grievous life. Macbeth shows this self-acknowledgment in his ââ¬Ëyellow leafââ¬â¢ speech when he communicates regret for his activities. Additionally, at long last he realizes he should battle until the end whether his destiny is passing. Now the crowd is scrubbed of the feelings of the plot and the disaster is done. Macbeth is an essential case of a run of the mill Aristotelian catastrophe. It follows the structure important from the sad legend, to his ruin and eventually to the purification fundamental for a unique Greek dramatization. The parts of this play are an ideal case of the catastrophes of that time. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-57379843699779011592020-05-26T15:46:00.001-07:002020-05-26T15:46:03.664-07:00Where to Find Help with Research Papers Where to Find Help with Research Papers Help with Research Papers - the Conspiracy A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge so as to get the best possible data in that area. Essay writing services may be an invaluable service to numerous academic students. Then it's the ideal time to request assistance from the research paper editing services! If you need assistance with research paper, you can't do better than seeking it with our on-line company. The Debate Over Help with Research Papers It's apparent that the professors despise the notion of a student employing qualified assistance to have an academic essay ready. Because professors believe that Wikipedia isn't a credible source. 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Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-33656400333821127992020-05-15T22:21:00.001-07:002020-05-15T22:21:07.611-07:00Classroom Is Not The Classroom Of Yesterday - 1050 Words The classroom of today is not the classroom of yesterday. We are accountable so much more to the learning needs of our students. The use of technology in the classroom is changing the way in which we teach our students. We have a responsibility to prepare students for the demands of an ever-changing world, through facilitating learning in a technology rich environment, where students and teachers donââ¬â¢t just learn about technology, they use it to achieve powerful learning and teaching and improve student learning outcomes. The challenge is to create engaging, supportive learning environments and opportunities that stimulate, extend and deepen student learning. These environments should incorporate seamless use of technologies students useâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Within the United States, Partnerships for 21st century learning developed an education framework with teachers, educational and business leaders that provides a list of skills students need to succeed in work, l ife and social community. The framework sees the core subjects of reading, writing, and numeracy supported by learning and innovation skills (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity). Furthermore, the 21st century learner would see further life and career skills, information, media and technology skills integrated across the core subject matters. Partnerships for 21st Century Learning notes that ââ¬Å"the research tell us about which competencies are most clearly associated with positive outcomes for individuals in many spheres of life, including educational attainment, transitions to postsecondary education and training, employment, and health and well-being.â⬠The Ontario government (2016) in the document ââ¬Å"Towards Defining 21st Century Competenciesâ⬠notes that ââ¬Å"The primary goal of the provinceââ¬â¢s education system is to enable students to develop the knowledge, skills, and characteristics that will lead them to become personally successful, economically productive, and actively engaged citizens.â⬠They assert that key 21st century competencies (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity and innovation) have measurable benefits for multiple areas of lifeShow MoreRelatedA Dual Immersion Program For Hispanic Children From Kindergarten From Barbour Dual Language Immersion Academy1010 Words à |à 5 Pagesfieldwork assignments, I have not met another teacher who has been so ahead of her peers in evolving the classroom for successful, 21st century education. Barbour runs a dual immersion program for Latino children from kindergarten through eighth grade. Starting in the lower grades more Spanish instruction is the main concentration with English incorporated more and more each year. The classrooms are split as evenly as possible with English speakers and Spanish speakers of all backgrounds and ethnicitiesRead MoreDifferentiated Curriculum Is Absolutely Necessary Essay1156 Words à |à 5 PagesDifferentiated Curriculum To be the best, is constantly changing. What was the best yesterday is not the best today, therefore one must possess a growth mindset. Tomlinson and Allan (2000) stated whatever does not change does not grow, and whatever does not grow atrophies. Many schools and classroom are atrophying because there is a lack of a growth mindset. There is compelling knowledge developed in recent generations on how students learn, including gender, starting point of readiness, cultureRead MoreThe Relationship Between Educator And Student929 Words à |à 4 Pagesdistinct archetypes of teacher often stick out to the public eye: the Mrs. Sullivan, the Mr. Stacy, and the Mr. Smith. Shining black dress shoes trot their way down the tiled hallway as Mrs. Sullivan calmly makes her way to her pristine white walled classroom. She follows her routine every morning, making it to her class exactly fifteen minutes before the bell rings, just enough time to prepare for her pupils. This woman has taught class after class for years. Respected, radiating intelligence from everyRead MoreA Report On The Classroom1335 Words à |à 6 PagesJournal Day 7 No students for the seminar in the classroom which made the room feel weird this morning. However, it is hard to really be able to talk sometime with the teacher because students are in the classroom, or stopping by pretty much all the time. We are planning to sit down and make up my schedule for the classes, and we agreed to do the honors classes last since it is the college course and extremely fast paced. He is going to try to get the IEPs to me, but students keep coming in andRead MoreDaniel Inners : An Inspiring Sixth Grade Teacher At Spring Grove Intermediate School887 Words à |à 4 Pagesif it is for his students. One of the greatest feeling he said was being able to encourage and help the not so smart kid because he says he was that kid when he was in school and his teachers told him he wouldnââ¬â¢t go anywhere. When asked if his classroom is set up a certain way he responds the on the first day no. The kids are allowed to sit where ever they want. This allows him to see who is friends with who and separates them if needed. He changes their seats every month because the students getRead MoreThe Role Of Educational Technology And The Philosophy Of Education918 Words à |à 4 Pagesbelieve a good education can secure a better future. Furthermore, education is the best investment in the future, and in todayââ¬â¢s world, the role of education has become even more vital. At the outset, John Dewey said, ââ¬Å"If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.â⬠(2008). It means teaching today is very different compares to twenty years ago. Todayââ¬â¢ s generation are immersed in media. Our world is constantly being influenced by technology and I believe it is important toRead MorePersonal Leadership For The Fall Of 2015855 Words à |à 4 Pageswith honors and within a month of graduation I received my first teaching position as a second grade teacher. Moreover, I still remember that second grade class as if it were yesterday that class fondly. I remember walking into the class that first day of school after spending a week decorating and organizing my classroom. I thought, ââ¬Å"This is the place I am meant to beâ⬠. As a second grade, teacher you play a vital part in students development. You set the standard for their experience of learningRead MoreJob Satisfaction Is Not Just About Job Conditions911 Words à |à 4 PagesPearson/Australia, 30/8/2013. VitalBook file. I know the teachers and aids all do this, with the students well. I have wonderit but after our meeting yesterday if the treat each other as well. I think they need to practice prosocial behavior between departments more i.e. aids and teachers specifically based on my limited observation and dialog yesterday from the ladies. Prosocial behaviour is a hallmark of social competence in children of all ages. However, it is clear that the developmental andRead MoreThe Teacher I Will Interview954 Words à |à 4 Pageswith a resource teacher. Currently, she has a total of twenty-four students in her class with eight students being service on an Individual Education Plan. I was able to interview Ms. McFadden in person as she suggests I come to observed her classroom. Her request is a total surprise to me, I did not realize that her school operate on the year round model. We arranged to meet right away in the morning so that I could meet and interact with her students. Ms. McFadden is quite experienced and quickRead MoreHow Do People Learn (Language)?829 Words à |à 4 Pagesâ⬠¢Ã à à à à à à cat â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à He has a cat. â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à She â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à She has a cat. â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à pencil â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à She has a pencil. TYPICAL CLASSROOM FEEDBACK Today most educators reject this strict form of Behaviorist learning theory (and ALM is rarely used).à Nevertheless, we can see examples of this way of thinking in almost every language classroom around the world.à Letââ¬â¢s look at a typical bit of ââ¬Å"teacher-learnerâ⬠interaction: â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à 01à T:à What time is it? â⬠¢Ã à à à à à à 02à S:à Half Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-72406754194230014512020-05-06T17:10:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:10:21.574-07:00Oedipus the King Fate vs. Free Will Essay examples Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus the King: Fate vs. Free Will In Oedipus the King, one of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ most popular plays, Sophocles clearly depicts the Greekââ¬â¢s popular belief that fate will control a manââ¬â¢s life despite of manââ¬â¢s free will. Man was free to choose and was ultimately held responsible for his own actions. Throughout Oedipus the King, the concept of fate and free will plays an integral part in Oedipus destruction. Destined to marry his mother and murder his father, Oedipus was partly guided by fate. This prophecy, as warned by the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi, was absolute and would inevitably come to pass. As for free will, Oedipusââ¬â¢ actions, temper, impulsive nature and pride (hubris) as well as his erroneous judgment (hamartia) allâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Not knowing he was the murderer, Oedipus had now cursed himself. Whoever he is, a lone man unknown in his crime or one among many, let that man drag out his life in agony, step by painful step ââ¬â I curse myself as wellâ⬠¦ if by any chance he proves to be an intimate of our house, here at my hearth, with my full knowledge, may the curse I just called down on him strike me! (606) Oedipus journey in search of Laiusââ¬â¢ murderer has merely helped the prophecy become reality. His ignorance, pride and remorseless quest for the truth ultimately contributed to his destruction. An explicit example can be seen when Oedipus was told (after threatening Tiresias), that he was responsible for Laiusââ¬â¢ murder. Oedipus became enraged and called the blind prophet a liar. Oedipus thought he could overcome the gods, but in fact, his every action moved him closer to his destiny. Upon unearthing of the truth of his birth from the shepherd, Oedipus cries out, ââ¬Å"O god all come true, all burst to light! O light now let me look my last on you! I stand revealed at last cursed in my birth, cursed in marriage, cursed in the lives I cut down with these handsâ⬠. (631). Oedipus now knew that his fate had indeed come to pass, and feels cursed by it. Due to the crimes he committed, Oedipus punishes himself (free will) by stabbing his eyes with one of Jocastaââ¬â¢s brooches. Overall, Oedipus achieves his foremost sin when he attempts toShow MoreRelatedOedipus the King: Fate Vs Free Will Essay639 Words à |à 3 Pages Oedipus the King, was written by Sophocles between C.A.496-406B.C. In this play, Oedipus is a great example of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ belief that fate will control a manââ¬â¢s life no matter how much free will exists. Oedipus is a man of unflagging determination and perseverance, but one who must learn through the working out of a terrible prophecy that there are forces beyond any manââ¬â¢s conceptualization or control. Oedipusââ¬â¢ actions were determined before his birth, yet Oedipusââ¬â¢ actions are entirely determinedRead MoreThe Value Of Leadership In Oedipus Rex By Sophocles1326 Words à |à 6 PagesBased on evidence, Athenians valued bravery, confidence and heroic strength in their leaders. For example, the entire reason Oedipus from Oedipus Rex by Sophocles became king of Thebes is because he defeated the Sphinx that was guarding the city, saving the citizens (info from the backstory). On page 11, a senator makes the comment, ââ¬Å"if his bosom holds a grain of fear, curses like yours he never will abide.â⬠The reader can assume the Athenians valued bravery because the senator makes a comment againstRead MoreFate vs Free Will1663 Words à |à 7 PagesOedipus The King: Fate Vs. Free Will The ancient Greek writer, Sophocles suggests that while there are factors beyond mankindââ¬â¢s control that we have the power to make choices that affect our destiny. In his play, Oedipus the King, Sophocles makes it quite clear that although everyone is born with a fate, you have the ability to alter its direction and toll. The main character of the play, Oedipus, is based on the way Sophocles portrays the equilibrium between fate and freewill, and shows theRead MoreWhat Does Oedipus the King Show Us About Greek Thought on Fate, Gods, and Free Will?1321 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat does Oedipus the King show us about Greek thought on Fate, the gods, and free will? Oedipus is a play that explores the styles of freewill and fate throughout its totality. This is the tale of a guy and how he tries to resist his own fate and thus focuses on his defense of the future that he needs. Oedipus wished to reject his personal predestination and wanted make a life of his own choosing. The tale all started by a prediction upon Oedipus life that therw will come a day when he wouldRead MoreAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays1392 Words à |à 6 PagesAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays When Teiresias asks in Antigone (line 1051), What prize outweighs the priceless worth of prudence? he strikes (as usual) to the heart of the matter in Sophocles Theban Plays. Sophocles dramatizes the struggle between fate and free will, in one sense, but in another sense the drama might be better understood as the struggle between the will of the goods (which it is prudent to follow, according to Teiresias) and mans will (which is oftenRead MoreEssay about Fate vs. Free Will (Oedipus Rex)607 Words à |à 3 PagesFate vs. Free Will Sophocles creates a world that makes the reader think about the complex and mysterious battle between fate and free will in his play Oedipus The King. To the characters, fate is real and thatââ¬â¢s what they believe in. The audience sees that Oedipus is the one making the divisions and altimetry it is himself that leads to his downfall. Apollo, the Greek god of prophecy, intellectual pursuits and pelage, told Oedipus about his tragic future. When we first encounter OedipusRead MoreOedipus Fate And Fate Essay777 Words à |à 4 PagesFate as defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary is ââ¬Ëan inevitable and often adverse outcome, condition, or endââ¬â¢. Sophocles discusses fate vs free will in his plays. In the play Oedipus Rex there was a prophecy that Oedipus was destined to kill his father and marry his mother, he attempts to escape his destiny by running away to Thebes where he meets his fate. In the play Antigone, that main character Antigone decides to go against Creonââ¬â¢s (her uncle who has inherited the throne) decree and buryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Oedipus The King 909 Words à |à 4 PagesEnglish Assignment ââ¬â Oedipus The King In the story, Oedipus The King, written by Sophocles, two important aspects of Oedipusââ¬â¢ character that lead to his demise are his determination to find the truth of his origin, as well as his anger. These are flaws that negatively affect the tragic outcome at the end of the plot. Oedipus first shows signs of anger when he does not want to hear what Tiresias has to say about the murderer of Laius, even after the ruler begs for the truth. Oedipus yells, Enough! IRead MoreCan You Truly Ever Escape?2156 Words à |à 9 PagesThe most memorable of his warnings was in Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus the King, king of Thebes that he was the landââ¬â¢s pollution. The prophet Tiresias spoke the truth about Oedipusââ¬âââ¬Å"God within reckon that out, and if you find me mistaken, say I have no skill in prophecyâ⬠ââ¬âdenouncing the tragedy, as the angry Oedipus begins his painful search for the truth about himself. However, the prophecy is Oedipusââ¬â¢s ultimate demise. Oed ipus fought the limits of free will by ignoring social ques, and even disbelieving respectedRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles Essay example615 Words à |à 3 PagesIn the story of ââ¬Å"Oedipus the Kingâ⬠by Sophocles portrays theme, symbolism, and imagery. With these in mind, they had influence the character to do a few things we wouldnââ¬â¢t normally be doing in todayââ¬â¢s society. By showing us the way he acts leads us to knowing the difference between what is right and wrong. Back in the day, we never knew what was shown as being truthful unless someone told you. So not realizing the importance role Oedipus plays is has a significant impact on the audienceââ¬â¢s reactions Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-12735321977926057202020-05-05T20:44:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:44:26.873-07:00Experiment Design for Behavioural Brain Research-myassignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theExperiment Design for Behavioural Brain Research. Answer: Involvement of the Basal Ganglia Domains (Limbic, Associative and Sensorimotor) In Induced Dyskinesia Introduction The management of Parkinsons illness people with a dopamine precursor like the L-dopa boosts the growth of severe changes in motor response as well as involuntary movements referred to as L-dopa induced dyskinesia, a serious complication of L-dopa therapy associated with Parkinsons ailment. The true nature of such manifestations can result to experiments concerning the abnormalities of neural function especially in the corticobasal ganglia motor circuit. However, since the modern theory regarding the arrangement of basal ganglia pathways suggests that both the basal ganglia plus the frontal cortex are put in segregated circuits that are parallel, there is a tremendous proof showing the consistence for associative, limbic and sensorimotor domains (Le Jeune et al., 2008). Ideally, research shows that the motor components of a sub thalamic nucleus as well as the dorso lateral tip have a usual terminal activity at the chorea which is of signifance in dystonia. On the other hand, the metabolic activity of the limbic and associative sub thalamic nucleus is impaired in both scenarios. However, the result initially showed that there exists a pathophysiological disparity between dystonia and the L-dopa induced chorea. According to Le Jeune et al., (2008), it can now be hypothesized that can also reflect the association of opposite pathways in a lopa induced dyskinesia hence increasing the likelihood that it as well relates to the unusual processing of the either associative or limbic information. Hence the rationale of this paper is to design an experiment that identifies if or not the modulation of a loop in the basal ganglia can alter the output in other loops in the systematic fashion. The write up also looks at the changes in the 2DG accumulation in associative, sensorimotor plus the limbic domains of the basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei of groups that are not primate. Materials and Methods Used In the Experiment Nineteen female monkeys were put in separate primate rooms under controlled conditions of light, temperature and humidity. Both food as well as water was provided and animal care was being ensured by a registered veterinarian. The experiment was conducted in respect to the European communitys council directive of September for proper care of laboratory animals. For the experiment protocol, the demographic property showed that every methyl phenyl treated animals monkeys showed a comparable phase of lesion as well as different behaviours. Both the control plus the methyl phenyl treated animals corresponds to those animals in the D25 and D0 groups while dsykinetic plus the nondyskinetic species originated from a population of those animals validated earlier. For the later animals, they were created administration of L-dopa twice a day for up to eight months at a modified dose made to give complete reversal of Parkinsons condition. The animals that contracted serious and reproducible dyskinesia were five while four did not. Regarding the behavioural evaluation, the parkinsonian condition was determined on an animal rating scale using video tape recordings of the animals. After the evaluated a score of zero represented a normal monkey while the score of six and above represented the parkinsonian animal. However, the degree of dyskinesia was measured by use of a dyskinesia disability scale abbreviated as DDS. Zero meant dyskinesia was absent; one meant the condition was mild with rare dyskinetic movements as well as postures. A scale of two mean moderate with outstanding unusual movements and not interfering greatly with the usual behaviour. Three marked regular and sometimes continuous dyskinesia entering via the normal repertoire of activity. A scale of four represented severe continuous dyskinetic activity rendering the animal disabled as well as replacing the actual behaviour (Kirch et al., 2013). 2-DG Procedure During the event the monkeys were killed, they were injected with 2DG deoxy glucose which was sterile saline. After almost one hour, all the monkeys were killed by a pentobarbital overdose , while the L-dopa treated monkeys got their modified dose of L-dopa a quarter an hour prior to the introduction of 2DG. Their brains were removed and stored in a chemical substance to freeze. The inner tissues were cut into pieces of 20 micrometres where they were thaw mounted onto slides containing gelatine substance. After they were freeze dried, the auto radiographic methyl methacrylate standards plus the serial sections were put to hpyerfilm for sixty days at a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius. After two months, densitometry analysis of autoradiograph was done by means of an image analysis method. Each animal was analysed according to four sections per nucleus by an examiner in respect to the radioactivity levels found in contrast with the standards. Later on, the SEM plus the mean bound radi oactivity were subsequently found for every group. Statistical analysis For different comparisons of information, a one-way ANOVA table was employed to check for the general significance followed by a t test for different comparisons. For the behavioural assessment of different comparisons, the kruskal Wallis non parametric test was employed to test the entire significance followed by a t test corrected by different comparisons via Dunns technique. The data were normally distributed plus the significance level of the t test attuned for inequality of measures dispersion like variance if appropriate. Lastly, the analysis was completed using a strata program where a p 0.05 was taken to be significant. Results The 2 deoxy glucose uptake was measured with associative, limbic plus sensorimotor domains of basal ganglia as well as in other target groups of such domains. In that aspect, the outer part of the globus pallidus was classified into three territories namely the associative, sensorimotor and limbic as mentioned earlier. The sub thalamic nucleus was split into associative-limbic and sensorimotor domains. The accumulation of the 2DG was calculated as a whole in the inner parts of globus pallidus as well as in the substantial migra reticulate. There are two outputs of the ganglia due to the continuous overlap between the domains in the nuclei. Ideally, three nuclei were observed in the thalamus. Both the ventral lateral nuclei plus the ventral anterior are known to be thalamic targets of motor loop. The ventral anterior was measured on tiny sections of four millimetres anterior to the anterior commisura where the sub thalamic nucleus is absent and the central lateral was measured accordi ng to sections of six millimetres to anterior commisura where the sub thalamic nucleus is present. However, a mediodorsal nucleus is referred to as the thalamic output of the associative loop of the BG commonly known as basal ganglia. However, the nucleus of the terminus of the stria was considered to be the limbic output of the basal ganglia. Advantages of the Designed Experiment The experiment design is simple and can be applied in different disciplines. The research designs are repeatable hence results can be rechecked as well as verified. The researcher can tailor the experiment as well as maintain validity of the design Limitations of the Experiment Design It was not possible to control the extraneous variable The results obtained in the experiment may not be generalised to a larger population. The reaction of the test subjects cannot be true indicators. Human errors can also play a key role in validity of the subjects. The reaction of the test subjects cannot be true indicators of behaviour in non-experimental environments. In the whole domains of the globus pallidus, 2 deoxy glucose was relatively higher in parkisonian monkeys than the normal monkeys. Both the dyskinetic as well as nondsykinetic animals showed normalised levels of 2 deoxy glucose accumulation in the globus pallidus sensorimotor and limbic. Also, those dyskinetic showed a reduced 2 deoxy glucose uptake in the globus pallidus associative contrary to the methyl phenyl treated as well as non dsykinetic organisms. The 2 deoxy glucose in the two domains were defined in the ST nucleus. Those animals treated with methyl phenyl showed a tremendous decline in 2 deoxy glucose accumulation in the limbic and sensiromotor domains. However, the L- dopa treatments led to a raise in the 2 deoxy glucose levels in the nondsykinetic as well as the nondsykinetic groups. Also, there was no significance group noted within the control groups. The afore mentioned results shows that while nondsykinetic animals presented normalised metabolic activity compared to the control groups dsykinetic organism were distinguished by a tremendous shifts in the 2 deoxy glucose accumulation in associative plus limbic linked structures but not by sensorimotor nuclei (Kirch et al., 2013). The results were obtained from all the animals and those that had died half an hour following L-dopa administration. During this period the D5 parkinsonian symptoms were developed and none of the LID was noted. Instead, LID erupted in the 45th minute onwards in the dsykinetic group and since data obtained from one group is not enough for statistical analysis, a qualitative analysis would provide more insights. Following half an hour after dopamine was administered, 2 deoxy glucose levels in motor nuclei were similar to the nondsykinetic and dsykinetic organisms at an hour after L-dopa was administered. Discussion The primary finding of this experiment is that neural mechanism accountable for LID expressions may too involve associative plus limbic domains but not the sensorimotor domain. Besides, qualitative temporal analysis supports such aspect since in the dsykinetic organism killed when parkiansonian motor abnormalities were developed and prior to the appearance of LID (Kravitz et al., 2010). Therefore, it can be argued that dsykinesia is associated with the pathological metabolic movement in the associative limbic nuclei. The later should not be considered as a movement disorder but also as entailing motivational , affective as well as cognitive aspects of an individual behaviour which been investigated partially in the clinic. The pattern of changes of 2 deoxyglucose accumulation in this experiment matches the original findings from other scholars. For instance, it can be conformed the differential metabolic activity between the components of the ST nucleus and the dorso lateral tip in dsykinetic and nondsykinetic organisms (Sebastianutto et al., 2017). Also, the metabolic activity of basal ganglia motor related structure was not affected in any way in the dsykinetic organism compared to the nondsykinetic. However increased 2 deoxy glucose intake in the GPI must conform to the increased GABAergic tone emanating from the striatum and also from the GPe. According to Kravitz et al., (2010), the reduced 2 deoxy glucose accumulation in the MD of dsykinetic organisms would therefore be the signature impairment of the whole circuit. Since the present study only presents a contaminant variation, it does not at any given moment create a causative connection that remains to be demonstrated directly. Since basal ganglia pathways are considered to be arranged parallel in segregated circuits there is proof showing the continuous funnelling information between the limbic, associative and sensorimotor domains. The same concept was further developed by different scholars by postulating that the same information is continuously by diverse functional domains of basal ganglia via the certain pathways of functional interaction via the basal ganglia circuits. This hypothesis has received lots of accolade from the demonstration that cocaine self-administration produces a continuous involvement sensorimotor, limbic and associative domains. However, chronic L-dopa treatment as well as cocaine administration lead to raised dopamine levels within the striatum can lead to continuous dissemination of information rather than focused processing (Kirch et al., 2013). However, in this write up evidence for comparable mechanisms is being provided but not in the same order that is sensorimotor, followe d by limbic land lastly is associative domain. Together with clinical observations reporting reward deficiency syndrome or the learning deficits in the L-dopa treated persons, it can be postulated that dsykinesia needs no to be seen as a movement disorder, but also as a motivational, affective as well as cognitive disorder. Since the qualitative temporary analysis shows that causative duty of involvement of limbic plus associative nuclei and the direct electrophysiological are mandatory when it comes to the establishment of casual; relationships. Ideally, a shift in the 2 deoxy glucose uptake does not show alteration in firing activity of neurons but shows the integration of shifts during the 45th minute in the entire phase of intrinsic synaptic activity. Moreover, a significant result of this experiment is that LID cannot be continued to being analysed via investigating the motor areas thus rendering unreliable each and every other study that does not pay close attention to the functional organisation of the ganglia loops (Le Je une et al., 2008). Viewing LID is caused as a result of unwanted involvement of limbic as well as associative aspects or as having the or by having limbic and cognitive abnormalities counterparts of LID as is regularly reported by the hyperkinetic complications. For example, say the electrophysiological investigations conforms to the causative hypothesis , modulating the activity of non-motor areas would drastically lower severity of LID , hence offering new drug targets for treatment of the same condition. References Le Jeune, F., Peron, J., Biseul, I., Fournier, S., Sauleau, P., Drapier, S., ... Herry, J. Y. (2008). Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects orbitofrontal cortex in facial emotion recognition: a PET study. Brain, 131(6), 1599-1608. Kirch, R. D., Meyer, P. T., Geisler, S., Braun, F., Gehrig, S., Langen, K. J., ... Dbrssy, M. D. (2013). Early deficits in declarative and procedural memory dependent behavioral function in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease. Behavioural brain research, 239, 15-26. Kravitz, A. V., Freeze, B. S., Parker, P. R., Kay, K., Thwin, M. T., Deisseroth, K., Kreitzer, A. C. (2010). Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry. Nature, 466(7306), 622-626. Sebastianutto, I., Cenci, M. A., Fieblinger, T. (2017). Alterations of striatal indirect pathway neurons precede motor deficits in two mouse models of Huntington's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-12122233067201034332020-04-15T05:32:00.001-07:002020-04-15T05:32:03.641-07:00The History of Internet and Internet SecurityWhilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-75243044001903857452020-03-12T12:14:00.001-07:002020-03-12T12:14:02.960-07:00Standard Courses for 11th Grade StudentsStandard Courses for 11th Grade Students As they enter their junior year of high school, many students are starting to think about life after graduation. If they are college-bound, 11th graders will begin taking college entrance exams and focus on getting academically and emotionally prepared for college.à If they are following a different path, such as entrepreneurship or entering the workforce, students may begin to refine their elective studies to prepare for their specific field of interest.à Language Arts A typical course of study for 11th-grade language arts will focus on developing higher level skills in the areas of literature, grammar, composition, and vocabulary. Students will refine and build on the skills they have previously learned.à Colleges expect students to have earned four language arts credits. In 11th grade, students will likely study American, British, or World literature, completing whichever course they did not complete in 9th or 10th grade.à Homeschooling families may wish to combine literature and history, so an 11th-grade student taking world history would choose world literature titles.à à Families who dont want to tie literature into their history studies should work with their student to select a robust and well-rounded reading list. Students should continue to gain writing practice in a wide variety of composition types such as how-to, persuasive, and narrative essays and research papers. Grammar is not typically taught separately in 11th grade but is incorporated in the writing and self-editing process.à Math A typical course of study for 11th-grade math usually means geometry or Algebra II, depending on what the student has previously completed. High school math is traditionally taught in the order Algebra I, geometry, and Algebra II to ensure that students have a solid understanding of geometry for college entrance exams.à However, some homeschool curriculum follows Algebra I with Algebra II before introducing geometry. Students who completed pre-algebra in 9th grade may follow a different schedule, as will those who completed Algebra I in 8th grade.à For students who are strong in math, 11th-grade options may include pre-Calculus, trigonometry, or statistics. Students who are not planning on going into a science- or math-related field may take courses such as business or consumer math. Science Most students will study chemistry in 11th grade after having successfully completed the math courses necessary for understanding how to balance chemical equations. Alternative science courses include physics, meteorology, ecology, equine studies, marine biology, or any dual-enrollment college science course. Common topics for 11th-grade chemistry include matterà and its behavior; formulas and chemical equations; acids, bases, and salts; atomic theory;à periodic law; molecular theory; ionization and ionic solutions; colloids, suspensions, and emulsions; electrochemistry; energy; and nuclear reactions and radioactivity. Social Studies Most colleges expect a student to have three credits for social studies, so many 11th grade students will be completing their final social studies course.à For homeschooled students following a classical education model, 11th-grade students will study the Renaissance. Other students may be studying American or world history.à Common topics for 11th grade social studies include theà Age of Exploration and Discovery; the colonization and development of America; sectionalism; theà American Civil War and Reconstruction; World Wars;à the Great Depression;à the Cold War and the nuclear era; and civil rights. Other acceptable courses of study for 11th-grade social studies include geography, psychology, sociology, anthropology, civics, economics, and dual enrollment college social studies courses. Electives Most colleges expect to see at least six elective credits. Even if a student is not college-bound, electives are an ideal way to explore areas of interest that may lead to a future career or a lifelong hobby. A student can study just about anything for elective credit. Most colleges expect a student to have completed two years of the same foreign language, so many 11th graders will be finishing their second year. Many colleges also like to see at least one credit in the visual or performing arts. Students can earn this credit with courses such as drama, music, dance, art history, or a class like painting, drawing, or photography. Other examples of elective credit options include digital media, computer technology, creative writing, journalism, speech, debate, auto mechanics, or woodworking. Students can also earn credit for test prep courses, which can be useful in helping them meet their elective credit requirements and approaching entrance exams with more confidence. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-70184860588318800562020-02-25T02:40:00.001-08:002020-02-25T02:40:02.764-08:00Qualitative Research Methods Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsQualitative Research Methods Assignment - Essay Example Meanwhile, Cox (2003) discovered that intrapersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflict have negative impacts on work satisfaction and team effectiveness. On the other hand, Gilson, et al. (2005) found out that standardization is capable of influencing the relationship between creativity and team effectiveness. Research Question and Setting Cognizant of the differences in perceptions of team effectiveness, this qualitative study will attempt to address the research question: Do the perceptions of team effectiveness of selected members of virtual teams in INT Corporation EMEA closely approximate the theoretical components of team effectiveness? A qualitative research is deemed most appropriate for this study because the study intends to explore attitude and behaviours by obtaining in-depth opinions from the respondents of the study (Dawson, 2004). Needless to say, therefore, that the setting will be INT Corporation EMEA. Sampling and Data Gathering Since interviews will take much lon ger than a questionnaire survey, a qualitative research can not accommodate as many respondents as a survey. Sample size was determined using randomised parameters: (1) margin of error of 7%; (2) confidence level of 90% (3) company population of 60,000; and (4) response distribution of 10%. The minimum required sample size is 50. However, selection of respondents will not anymore be randomised, but through purposive sampling. Dane (2011) describes purposive sampling as the selection of sampling elements grounded on characteristics of interest for the study, which in this case is, membership in a virtual team. Purposive sampling does not involve probability sampling, but combining sampling procedures in this regard are allowed and practiced according to Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009). Data for the study will be collected using one of the most common methods of qualitative research ââ¬â a semi-structured interview using an interview guide as the main instrument of the study. A semi -structured interview may be described as one which ââ¬Å"consists of predetermined questions related to the domains of interest, administered to a representative sample of respondents to confirm study domains and identify factors, variables or attributes of variables for analysis or use in a surveyâ⬠(Schensul, et al., 1999, p. 149). The study can benefit from semi-structured interviews since this data gathering procedure harmonises the flexibility of unstructured or open-ended interviews and the directionality of the survey questionnaire, capable of generating focused qualitative data. The best thing about a semi-structured interview is that the questions are formulated before the actual interview, but the answers are open-ended and may be expanded based on the discretion of the interviewer. The main limitation of interview as a data-gathering technique is the time required to conduct the interview. This is usually offset by using a smaller number of respondents. Hence, in-d epth information can be gathered from the respondents or interviewees. In this study, perceptions of team effectiveness will be categorised into five areas, namely: atmosphere, relationships, communication, direction and objectives. Five main questions corresponding to the five categories named will be included in the interview guide. These questions are: 1. How will you describe the Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-23177336367195907022020-02-08T19:26:00.001-08:002020-02-08T19:26:02.788-08:00CJ 450 Counter Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsCJ 450 Counter Terrorism - Essay Example ding assignments, what status, rights, and protections would you afford someone who was an American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terrorist violence? How about someone who was a foreign national engage in terrorism in the United States? An American citizen fights American forces abroad? A foreign national, but not a member of a nations military, fighting American forces abroad? Would torture of any of these subjects ever be justified if it could save lives? How serious is the problem of anti-Americanism here at home? Should people be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do not engage in it? What remedies are available to the government, if any, to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly support terrorism while not actually engaging in it? What should the remedies be? Give your overall assessment of the USA PATRIOT ACT. Do you think it has contributed to the lack of terror attacks in the United States since 9/11? If you were in Congress, would you vote to renew the act as is? Would you change anything? Why or why not? The 9/11 attacks upon the United States changed the vast majority of peoplesââ¬â¢ perceptions about the importance as well as the necessity for improved and extended counterterrorism units to prevent further bombings.1 Without those attacks my job would not exist within its present format. The federal government the armed forces, the FBI, and the CIA underestimated the ability of Al-Qaeda to launch large-scale attacks within the United States, despite being of its previous bombings of American targets abroad. The Clinton administration had only carried out limited missile strikes against suspected Al-Qaeda bases in the Sudan, and seemed to be aware of that organizationââ¬â¢s move to Afghanistan.2 American society has altered drastically in the last couple of decades due to immigration of people from Islamic countries in Asia and the Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-79147067761666312852020-01-30T00:04:00.001-08:002020-01-30T00:04:02.601-08:00Racism in Philosophy of Hume and Kant Essay Example for Free Racism in Philosophy of Hume and Kant Essay During the Age of the Enlightenment in European history there was high emphasis on the ideals of reason and individualism. Scientists and philosophers pushed reason as an ultimate guideline to reforming society and challenging its old traditions and faith. This was the philosophersââ¬â¢ attempts to further advancing our knowledge through scientific method. Things like skepticism and intellectual interchange were highly promoted during this period. The true way to gain rational thought was through the process of using logic to make tests and conclusions out of clear evidence rather than superstitious ideas. There are two important enlightenment thinkers, David Hume and Immanuel Kant who despite their high praise of reason and logic, share clearly racist views in their philosophies. Could these two enlightened thinkers actually be capable of contradicting their entire philosophy or could it just be pure ignorance? We are going to discuss what sort of racist views Hume and Kant share and how they possibly created the idea of racial differences. First we must discuss what the idea of reason truly is and what it has to do with human thought. Reason is ultimately what separates us human beings from animals. Animals physically cannot express reason. Reason is the mental capacity to be able to make sense of something. It is how we are able to apply logic to help create facts. Understanding of academics like math, science, and philosophy are attributes only humans possess. The ability to understand and appreciate art and beauty are examples of reason that animals have never shown. Animals may show desire for certain things, but that is not the same as appreciating the beauty of it. David Hume believes that all human beings share similar moral feelings. He does however believe that animals can feel sympathy which is one of the essential foundations of morality. Hume also believes that morality is entirely independent of religion and that morality is found deep in true human nature itself. He states that the belief in God is irrelevant to morality. This is similar to Immanuel Kantââ¬â¢s belief in human autonomy. He believes that human beings have their own free will and can think independently without being governed. Humans can be moral and free without the need of Godââ¬â¢s divine support. Hume and Kant believe we have a right to faith but also in the possibility that it limits knowledge to make room for faith. They believe we can have faith in ourselves and be governed by reason rather than our animal impulses. The racism of Hume and Kant are most definitely reflected in their philosophic views. Hume believes in the idea of causation, which is the understanding between two events (one being the cause, the other being the effect) that the second event is always the consequence of the first event. Hume whole-heartedly believes that Europe is the model of all humanity and culture, that blacks are an inferior race. He considers their supposed inferiority to whites to be natural. He states that he has never witnessed any black manufacturers, artists, or scientists and that they are simply a barbaric breed of man. Hume falls into a fatal error of his own causality by saying that there is a causal relation between a personââ¬â¢s skin color and their intelligence. He is identifying that simply the color of oneââ¬â¢s skin makes a constant difference between two races of men. This is horribly contradictory and morally wrong. Kant, despite all of his beliefs in that all humans can understand morality and reason, he singles out blacks as totally inferior in these very human attributes. Kant has actually dismissed a personââ¬â¢s statement and position as stupid without a moment of analyzing the content because the person was black. This is extremely contradictory to the sorts of logic and reason a true philosopher should have when regarding any human being whether white or black. The two philosophers show a huge lack in open-mindedness when it comes to anyone non-white. The supposed racial differences that Hume and Kant seem to believe there are have no real proof or logic behind them. This is truly ignorant of both Hume and Kant and itââ¬â¢s surprising that two important philosophers in history could actually believe in ideas that are so close-minded and completely illogical. There is simply no morality or rational thinking behind these false judgments. Kant stating that he has never seen black artists or scientists just sounds like he hasnââ¬â¢t looked beyond his backyard window. Although Kant does indeed believe that all humans are born free and that level of intelligence does not determine who deserves to be a slave to another. Despite this positive belief, he still believes blacks are inferior. As intelligent as their ideas of sharing knowledge for the advancing of mankind sound at first, it is truly sad that they are only speaking for one single race rather than ââ¬Ëallââ¬â¢ human beings equally. Their racism does indeed cast much doubt on their Enlightenment understanding on what a person was. There should not be such a disregard for the possibility of equal opportunity among all human beings. Peoplesââ¬â¢ idea of race is purely subjective and there really are no significant differences. The only true racial differences are geographical. Skin color has nothing to do with oneââ¬â¢s mental capacity and ability. Works Cited Denis, Lara. Kant and Hume on Morality. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University, 26 Mar 2008. Web. 7 Mar 2014. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/kant-hume-morality/. Maduka, Enyimba. Racism and Philosophy. Racism, Philosophy, and African Thought . izuchukwu, 20 Apr 2005. Web. 10 Mar 2014. http://www. frasouzu. com/Issues and Papers/Enyimba Maduka etc on Racism, Philosophy and African Thought. pdf. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-23449322595675207232020-01-21T20:25:00.001-08:002020-01-21T20:25:02.958-08:00Macbeth Act 1: Plot :: essays research papers Act 1 Plot: à à à à à When the play first opens we hear 3 strange witches standing in a field while it is thunder and lightening. They begin to chant spells and talk about their meeting with Macbeth as they vanish into thin air. Not to far from the field, there is a battle taking place, the King of Scotland is there with some of his followers. The king is much to old to fight for himself, so he sends to hear how his army is doing. A badly injured soldier then returns from battle to tell Duncan how dreadfully bloody it is but how Macbeth saved the day by fighting and killing many of the rebels and their leader. The Thane of Ross soon arrives bringing more news about the Thane of Cawdor; he claims he is a traitor. Once Duncan learns that he has won the battle, he orders that the Thane of Cawdor be executed and killed leaving Macbeth to take over his place. Before Duncan had the time to reach Macbeth with the good news, the three witches approach him and Banquo. The greet Macbeth with three different titles: Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and King Hereafter, but this confuses Macbeth. Not only do the witches tell Macbeth his future, they also tell Banquo that although he will never be King, his children will beâ⬠¦ and then they vanish once again. As Banquo and Macbeth joke about the predictions, Duncanââ¬â¢s messengers interrupt them and tell Macbeth that he is now the Thane of Cawdor, he is no longer laughing about the witches and their predictions. Duncan also announces that his son, Malcolm, will inherit the throne, but his reaction was unexpected. At the same time, Lady Macbeth is at the castle reading a leader from her husband telling her about the witches, sheââ¬â¢s willing to do anything to make Macbeth King. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-91290930674862800482020-01-13T16:49:00.001-08:002020-01-13T16:49:02.941-08:00The Ethnic ConflictsRecent changes in American society have resulted in increasing number of minority students enrolling in colleges and universities. Differing views among these ethnic groups can sometimes cause conflicts for students of all races (Cozic 249). Some argue that students and universities benefit from these ethnic conflicts. Same time others believe that increasing racial diversity in American colleges and university has led to a decrease in the quality of education. People who support multiculturalism in universities believe that ââ¬Å"students who can resolve conflict in racially diverse universities will be better prepared to succeed than students at universities that are more homogeneousâ⬠(Cozic 249). Conflict is expected, perhaps even healthy, in a social situation where people have different interests and compete for scarce resources (Duster 251). Some American schools are racially integrated, so ââ¬Å"it is not surprising that students experience shock and tension when they arrive at their first experience of multiculturalismâ⬠(251). But shocks like this maybe a good preparation for future life. According to Duster, nowadays students are ââ¬Å"far more competent, far more eligible, far more prepared than when this [Berkley] was an all-white university in 1950â⬠³(252). Back in 1960s , when the campus was mainly white, almost every eligible student who applied to Berkley was admitted (252). But ââ¬Å"when the United States changed its immigration laws in the 1970s, well-qualified candidates from China, Hong Kong, and Korea swelled the pool of applicantsâ⬠(252). Suddenly, not everyone who was eligible could get in (252). The increasing number of minorities applying to universities created ââ¬Å"increasingly ferocious competition at the same-sized admissions gateâ⬠(252). The media, so far has chosen to emphasize the beleaguered white student who has to adjust to affirmative action (252). Isnâ⬠t it a shame, stories imply, that these students are feeling uncomfortable in an environment that used to be their university (252). It isnâ⬠t theirs anymore (252). Since the demographics of the United States are changing at a fast rate, ââ¬Å"shouldnâ⬠t the university population and curriculum reflect more of this new reality? ââ¬Å"(252 ââ¬â 53). Meanwhile, the quality of students at universities is only getting better. Duster implies that affirmative action exists because, ââ¬Å"over the past two hundred years, blacks and Latinos have had a difficult time entering higher education, and that legacy hasnâ⬠t gone awayâ⬠(253). There are economic barriers that restrict access to college for minorities. And these barriers arenâ⬠t disappearing. The smartest among them [Berkley students] also see that in a globalized economy, Berkleyâ⬠s multiculturalism can make them better leadersâ⬠¦. (254). The opponents of cultural diversity believe that ââ¬Å"affirmative action favors minorities whose average academic performance is unacceptably below university standardsâ⬠(Cozic 257). Dâ⬠Souza argues that the question is not whether universities should seek diversity but what kind of diversity. It seems that the primary form of diversity which universities should try to foster is diversity of mind (Dâ⬠Souza 258). He says that ââ¬Å"such diversity would enrich academic discourse, widen its parameters, multiply its objects of inquiry, and increase the probability of obscure and unlikely terrain being investigatedâ⬠(258). According to Dâ⬠Souza, the problem begins with a deep sense of embarrassment over the small number of minorities ââ¬â blacks in particular ââ¬â on campuses. University officials speak of themselves as more enlightened and progressive than the general population, so they feel guilty if the proportion of minorities at their institution is smaller than in surrounding society (259). As a consequence, universities agree to make herculean efforts to attract as many blacks, Hispanics, and other certified minorities as possible to their institutions (259). The number of minority applicants who would normally qualify for acceptance at selective universities is very small; therefore, in order to meet ambitious recruitment targets, affirmative action must entail fairly drastic compromises in admissions requirements (259). University leaders are willing to use unjust means to achieve their goal of equal representation, says Dâ⬠Souza. For example, ââ¬Å"the California legislature is considering measures to require all state colleges to accept black, Hispanic, white, and Asian students in proportion with their level in the population, regardless of disparity in academic preparation or qualifications among such groupsâ⬠(259). Many selective universities are so famished for minority students that they will accept virtually anyone of the right color (260). For minority students, who struggled through high school, the courtship of selective universities comes as a welcome surprise. During their freshman year, many minority students discover that they are not prepared to the college work load and it is hard to keep up with another students. For minority students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, these problems are often complicated by a difficult personal adjustment to a new environment (261). University leaders have discovered how displaced and unsettled minority freshmen can be, and typically respond by setting up counseling services and remedial education programs intended to assure blacks and Hispanics that they do belong, and that they can ââ¬Å"catch upâ⬠with other students (261). For many minority undergraduates the universityâ⬠s quest for racial equality produces a conspicuous academic inequality (261). In the minds of minority students, affirmative action is not a cause of their academic difficulties, but an excuse for white racism which is the real source of their problems (263). Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-17537684523206950142020-01-05T13:13:00.001-08:002020-01-05T13:13:03.556-08:00Gender Roles in Great Expectations Essay - 3251 Words Gender Roles in Great Expectations The importance of the Victorian ideal of motherhood is glimpsed in Charles Dickenss personal life. Dickenss main complaint against his wife when he separated from her was her terrible parenting. Around the time that his separation from his wife was being finalized, Dickens complains of Catherine in a letter to his friend Angela Burdett Coutts: She does not -- and never did -- care for the children; and the children do not -- and they never did -- care for her (qtd. in Slater 146). From evidence in other letters and the seeming abruptness with which Dickens took on this point of view, Dickens biographer Michael Slater suggests that this was something that Dickens had to getâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦From the writing on his gravestone, Pip perceives his father assquare, stout, dark man, with curly black hair (23; ch. 1). Similarly, Pip reports Mrs. Joe as having black hair and eyes (28; ch. 1).Pip infers his mothers appearance from her gravestone as well: from the turn of the inscription ... I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly (23; ch. 1). Joe, although not freckled, has light skin with features far more feminine than Mrs. Joes: Joe was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on each side of his smooth face, and with eyes of such a very undecided blue (28; ch. 1). Pips physical description of all these parent figures reveals the ambivalent gender identities in the Gargery home. Joes physical appearance seems more feminine, and he is much more nurturing than Mrs. Joe, who is described in terms similar to Pips deceased father. Mrs. Joe is described in some masculine ways, but her behavior is the most significant indicator of her desire not to be trapped in the traditional feminine domestic role. Mrs. Joes emotional distance from her family is exemplified in the apron that she wears: she almost always wore a coarse apron ... having a square impregnable bib in front, that was stuck full of pins and needles (28; ch. 2). Dickens use of the word impregnable evinces many non-maternal associationsShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In The Great Gatsby1736 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Great Gatsby Gender Norms Societal ââ¬Ënormsââ¬â¢ surrounding gender have continuously remained prominent internationally. Although these standards and expectations continue to shift, women still face oppression today. The novel, The Great Gatsby by F. 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By combining research Iââ¬â¢ve come across in leadership, gender roles, stereotyping and management statistics, this paper will c onsider the barriers, as well as the expectations, women face while on their journey to a successful leadership position. Research done by Martin M. Chemers, a social psychologist with interest in leadership Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-59793470610058986182019-12-28T09:37:00.001-08:002019-12-28T09:37:04.038-08:00Classification of Market Structure and Its Importance CLASSIFICATION OF MARKET STRUTURE AND ITS IMPORTANCE INTRODUCTION In an economy, goods and services are produced for the ultimate satisfaction of the consumers. Therefore, all finished goods and services must be sold to the consumers. The process of exchange of these goods is essential. Thus, market is such a place where buyers and sellers gather in order to buy and sell a particular good or commodity. The term market refers not necessarily to a place but always to a commodity and the buyers and sellers who are not in direct competition with one another. CLASSIFICATION OF MARKETS Generally, the determination of price and output depends on the type the market. In a market, the products are produced, sold andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Under Perfect Competitionthe firm is in equilibrium at point M1, AR=MR=AC=MC. The equilibrium output is OQ2. On the other hand monopoly firm is in equilibrium point at M where MC=MR. The equilibrium output is OQ1. The monopoly output is lower than perfectly competitive firm output. Price Discrimination Price discrimination refers to the charging of different prices by the monopolist for the same product. He may charge different prices for different customers for the same product. Or in different markets, monopolist may charge differently. Price discrimination is possible only when elasticity of demand will be different in different markets. Where demand is inelastic they will charge higher price, low price where demand is elastic. ââ¬âIn some cases discrimination is legally sanctioned, for example railways charges different rates for the transport of coal and copper. MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION Monopolistic competition refers to a market situation where there are mny sellers of a commodity but the product of each seller is not identical. No seller can have any perceptible influence on the price output policies of the other seller nor can he be influenced by their action. For example, if we go to buy a tooth brush, we can choose from wide variety including rubber grip and plastic grip, diamond shaped and rectangle shaped, zig zag shaped and many others. There are a large number of buyers and sellers. 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The relation will be described done by examining the division and specialization of labour, requirements that lead to the need for coordination, Horizontal and Vertical Differentiation required for coordination and how structure/hierarchy arises and if it is in fact needed. We can see that through the division and specialization of labour that Adam Smithââ¬â¢s pin factory is an example of a cottage industry transforming into a modern organization at the beginning of the Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-72781064108855857022019-12-20T05:26:00.001-08:002019-12-20T05:26:03.638-08:00The American Revolution Of The United States - 864 Words Across the United States, history classes tell American children are told of the brave colonists dumping tea into the harbor in the name of democracy. There is no doubt that early Americans would go to any length to acquire a representative government. The American Revolution was not simply about gaining independence from Britain, but rather about facilitating becoming a democracy because of its independence. The colonistsââ¬â¢ attempts to make America more democratic led to the need for independence from Britain through the American Revolution. King George III signed the Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited the colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, without taking into account what the colonistsââ¬â¢ wanted. This proclamation was the first in a long series of events that made the Americansââ¬â¢ desire for democracy and, subsequently, independence from England grow. British government left no room for representation for Americans by Americans. British Parliament continually created acts that taxed Americans without their discretion. These acts included the Quartering Act, the Sugar Act, and the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act could be said to have been the tipping point for the colonists. In 1765, the Stamp Act required Americans to pay a tax on all paper documents in the colonies. Legal documents, newspapers, and even playing cards were taxed. These papers were then stamped to prove the tax had been paid. When the Stamp Act went into effect in the colonies, people wereShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolu tion : The United States1517 Words à |à 7 PagesIvette Hernandez December 5, 2015 History 8A The American Revolution The United States of America has gone through a series of unimaginable events and drastic occurrences to become the powerful nation it is today. Many of these events have shaped the United States, and I think a key factor in how the United States works today resulted from the American Revolution. The American Revolution did not just affect North America, but also the world when it brought a strong superpower into the image. AlthoughRead MoreThe United States And The American Revolution1382 Words à |à 6 Pages Throughout American history, there have been countless monumental events. Learning about the past is a great way to understand where you came from, what happened to make the world how it is today, and to feel connected to your country and your roots. In 1607, the thirteen colonies were founded. These colonies were classified into three different groups, the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The states included in these groups were New Hampshire, MassachusettsRead MoreThe United States And The American Revolution1707 Words à |à 7 Pagesequality has been a subject to question for centuriesââ¬âa question that has themed English Folklore and sparked radical revolutions in the United States and France. Even in modern America, the idea of all men are created equalâ⬠has been a point of contention in various topics ranging from race to riches. Though the United States might not be close to a rebellion scaled to the French Revolution, modern ââ¬Å"Robin Hoodsâ⬠have agitated the idea of pseudo-equality, by proposing higher taxes on the richââ¬âeven if thoseRead MoreThe American Revolution Of The United States1721 Words à |à 7 PagesSince the birth of the United States, there ha ve been ideals at the core of the nation encouraging it to keep progressing. Infact, these ideals where the motivation for the colonies to become independent from Britain. Before the American Revolution, England had total control over the colonies. This allowed the king of England at this time, King George III, to take advantage of the colonies. The king imposed unfair laws onto the colonies such as the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts and the IntolerableRead MoreThe American Revolution : The United States1377 Words à |à 6 Pagescountry it is today. The American Revolution was the beginning for the United States. 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The expansionRead MoreThe United States During The American Revolution Essay1303 Words à |à 6 PagesThe United States during and after the American Revolution was wrought with tremendous societal change and massive upheaval. A new republic emerged with grandiose ideas of civil liberties coupled with intense debates on the inalienable rights of men. As intellectuals across the country debated amongst themselves naturally questions about gender began to spring about. Although the new republic proudly proclaimed that all men were created equal, some, particularly affluent women, began to question Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-33159623066693255022019-12-12T01:57:00.001-08:002019-12-12T01:57:04.209-08:00Management Policy Profile Question: Describe about the Policy Profile? Answer: Abstract Surveying the affiliation's threat is one of two beginning exercises in making a certification structure. The other is making an affirmation control structure and unmistakably giving security responsibilities. The latter is more troublesome in a gigantic decentralized association and takes any more than it would may suspect. This will be said in further inconspicuous components later in this report. As it is formalizing the structure, threat tests and mitigations techniques are up 'til now going to need to be achieved. Without having a knowing of the peril it is not able to understand the suitable protection proposals, frameworks, recommendations, and necessities to put set up to check sufficient security manages are joined. A peril evaluation has three basic sections danger appraisal, weaknesses evaluation, and resource recognition. Dangers can be composed in an extensive variety of ways. The five noteworthy sections of a security system are the going with: Occasionally evaluate danger Record a component wide security system game plan Fabricate a protection control structure and unmistakably administer affirmation commitments Complete effective security-related laborers methods Screen the security program's profit and take off enhancements as essential Figure 1: IT Security key structure (McMillan, 2014) Introduction Generally, a practical association relies on upon true blue business arranging. In a making where there are consistent impediments on sources, both human and budgetary, incredible arranging allows an association to make the most out of the sources close-by. Masterminding by and large fuses classes and business strategies interior or outside to the association. They can consolidate workers, control, stockholders, other outside stakeholders, the physical atmosphere, the authoritative and legal environment, the powerful atmosphere, and the technical atmosphere (Mellon, 2002). Figure 2: Planning for IT (Mattord, 2005) The genuine elements of an impeccable procedure fuse the perspective explanation, target proclamation, framework, and a progression of asked for and retail programs. Making the business procedure for purposes of investment protection relies on upon the same arranging framework. Since the inconspicuous components protection get-together of speculation hunt down to impact the more far reaching assembling in which it lives up to expectations, the effective purposes of investment security advisor should know how the business arranging strategy works so that dedication in the framework can make foremost results. The unmistakable strategy for dealing with resources in present associations, arranging is the check of a progression of action exercises expected to fulfill particular targets, and a short time later dealing with the execution of these exercises (NASCIO, 2006). Organizing offers course to the affiliation's future. Definitive arranging should be performed using a top-down method in which the affiliation's organization pick the course and endeavors that the entire association should participate in. The key target of the business arranging technique is the headway of specific plans: purposeful controls on the most ideal approach to meet the affiliation's objectives. This is achieved with a technique that starts with the general end closes with the particular (Wood, 2001). Strategy Technique, or impeccable arranging, is the foundation for whole deal course for the association. Key get prepared in like way books business exercises, and concentrates sources to specific, clearly depicted focuses, in the midst of an always advancing air. Along these lines, flawless arranging is a controlled push to make basic choices and activities that shape and information what an association is, the thing that it does, and why it does it, with an emphasis on the not all that far off future (Hurd, 2001). Figure 3: Strategic Planning (Mattord, 2005) Planning for the Organization After an association conveys a regular procedure, it makes a general immaculate game plan by extrapolating that fundamental technique into particular flawless courses of action for genuine zones. Every one period of each office changes over those targets into more particular destinations for the stage underneath. Nevertheless, to perform this wide system and change presentation excitedly, the master gathering ought to first center particular duties (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 1996). Figure 4: Planning of an organization (Mattord, 2005) Planning Levels At the point when the affiliation's general impeccable approach is changed over into immaculate targets for every one essential division or operation, for instance, the Information Security assemble, the accompanying step is to change over these strategies into undertakings with particular, amazing, possible and time-bound goals. Essential get prepared then starts a conformity from general, getting cases to more particular and associated targets. Key arranging has a humbler focus than immaculate get prepared, commonly one to three years. Key arranging pounds down every one fitting flawless destination into a movement of systematic destinations. Managers and authorities use the helpful tasks, which are concentrated around the vital ventures, to arrange the diligent, standard execution of wanders. The valuable framework consolidates clearly saw synchronization practices transversely over division obstructions, messages requirements, reliably gatherings, traces, progression reviews, and related errands (Securosis, L.L.C., 2013). Figure 5: Levels for planning (Mattord, 2005) Planning and the CISO The essential concern of the CISO and unobtrusive components affirmation director should be the structure of a flawless framework. While everyone association may have its own structure for the style and settlement of a flawless strategy, the indispensable sections of get prepared are the same (NASCIO, 2006). Parts of a flawless strategy Presentation by the Chief Master of the Panel or CEO Official Summary Mission Declaration and Perspective Statement Definitive Information and History Key Problems and Primary Values Program Objectives and Objectives Organization and Operations Objectives Some extra governs for get prepared include: Make a fit vision decree that support the advancing procedure, and limits as an appealing for people who need to matter. Handle the usage of a sound scorecard strategy, which requirements the use of a robust set of exercises and reason impact considering. Pass on a set up dynamic stage technique beginning, and solicitation feedback from stakeholders in the association. Make the changing framework discernible. Make the framework sustaining for everyone. Be endless. Make the framework constant. Give centrality. Act characteristically. Lighten up and have some great times. Planning for Information Security Implementation The CIO and CISO play basic positions in changing over general impeccable arranging into indispensable and utilitarian unpretentious components security tasks purposes of investment certification (Eric Muscat, 2013). The CISO performs a more dynamic part in the change of the arranging inconspicuous components than does the CIO. The occupation information for the unobtrusive components security division executive from purposes of investment protection positions and responsibilities made fundamental is: Makes an immaculate unpretentious components protection framework with a perspective for the destiny of purposes of investment affirmation at Company utilizing changing unobtrusive components security advancement, this perspective satisfies a variety of targets, for instance, organization's watchman and legitimate responsibilities, customer ends of the line for secure forefront association techniques, and the strong necessities of the business focus Grasps the essential association exercises regulated by affiliation, and concentrated around this understanding, shows fitting purposes of investment confirmation game plans that singularly secure these exercises Makes action ventures, plans, costs, position reviews and other top control messages proposed to improve the position of unpretentious components confirmation at affiliation At the point when the affiliation's general flawless method has been changed over into IT and unpretentious components security retail destinations by the CIO, and after that further changed over into imperative and utilitarian ventures by the CISO, the execution of purposes of investment protection can begin (NASCIO, 2006). Figure 6: Security implementation (Mattord, 2005) The "bottom-up procedure" can begin as a grass-roots attempt in which methodologies boss try to improve the security of their strategies. The key inclination to this methodology is the imaginative aptitudes of the individual boss, since they work with machine constantly. Disastrously, this system rarely meets desires, as it doesn't have different discriminating eccentricities, for instance, synchronized get prepared from higher control, synchronization amidst divisions, and the supply of sufficient sources. The "top-down approach", in examination, has strong higher control help, a devoted champ, normally beyond any doubt financing, a sensible arranging and execution process, and the ability to impact business lifestyle. Irregular state managers offer sources, give course, issue principles, frameworks and strategies, center the targets and foreseen results of the meander, and make sense of who is accountable for each of the obliged activities. The best top-down technique in like manner joins a power improvement framework generally known as the strategies advancement life-cycle. For any top-down methodology to be productive, of course, irregular state control must get tied up with the try and offer all divisions with their full backing. Such an effort must have a champion ideally, a master with sufficient impact to propel the meander, ensure that it is fittingly dealt with, and power for respect all through the association. Collaboration and help of the end customers is similarly critical to the achievement of this kind of attempt. Systems Development Life Cycle The essential "systems development life-cycle (SDLC)" is a framework for the arrangement and execution of an information structure in an association for the most part used as a piece of IT associations. A framework is a power methodology to changing an issue depending upon a made course of action out of routines. Using a methodology guarantees a broad process, and upgrades the shot of attaining to the favored last reason. The inspiration to begin a SDLC-based meander may be event driven, that is, started because of some occasion in the domain of business, inside the association, or inside the positions of pros, clients or distinctive stakeholders. Then again it could be plan-driven, that is, the result of a properly arranged orchestrating method. At the end of every one stage, a made appraisal or truth check happens, in the midst of which the social occasion and its organization level evaluators understand if the meander should be nonstop, stopped, contracted, or deferred until additional capacities or business learning is gotten (Avinash, 2013). Figure 7: SDLC Phases (Mary Poppendieck, 2003) Investigation It sees the issue that the task being arranged is to settle. Beginning with an appraisal of the event or plan that triggers the methodology, the destinations, repressions, and shot of the meander are brought up. A beginning cost or benefit investigation is proposed to evaluate the apparent inclination and the fitting costs for those great circumstances. Analysis The investigation stage starts with the unpretentious components academic in the midst of the examination stage. This stage separates the affiliation's preparation, its accessible frameworks position, and its capacity to apply and subsequently support the prescribed strategies. Masters make sense of what the new program is obliged to do, and how it will participate with current frameworks. Logical Design In the sensible style mastermind, the purposes of investment got in the midst of the examination stage is used to make a proposed system based answer for the association issue. According to the association oblige, the get-together picks frameworks and applications fit for giving the obliged organizations. Finally, dependent upon most of the over, the social affair picks particular sorts of specific manages that may exhibit important when joined as a real cure. The sensible style is the execution separate framework for the needed cure. Physical Design In the midst of the honest to goodness style arrange, the social event picks particular imaginative improvement that backing the decisions saw and analyzed in the sensible style. The picked parts are poor down further as a make-or-buy decision, then a last style is picked that merges the diverse obliged segments and mechanical advancement. Implementation In the execution sort out, the affiliation's application specialists make any application that is not to be obtained, and take making breaker areas. These tweaked segments are assessed and recorded. Customers are arranged and supporting attestation is made. At the point when all parts have been assessed independently, they are presented and investigated. Maintenance This stage fuses the assignments imperative to move down and change the framework for whatever remains of its useful life-cycle. Often, the venture is examined for congruity, and the ability to think of continuation diverged from discontinuance is penniless down. Changes, up-dates, and reaches are managed. Right when the present framework can no more help the changed focus of the affiliation, it is done and an alternate methodology change meander is performed. Figure 8: Maintenance Model (Mattord, 2005) Structure and responsibilities This is an extraordinarily essential stage and needs control buy in all through the association. It is the first thing in making a substance wide affirmation program system, yet it is similarly one of the principal fragments in the general framework. There are mixed bags of viewpoint these days about how to set up a certification control framework. Some experience there necessities to be a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) that reviews straight to the pioneer of the association. Others experience the certification framework should be spent the Office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and the top security power should overview straight to the CIO. A ton of it relies on upon what the obliged the CIO are inside the association (Clearswift, 2012). These are all around needed to the System Security Plan control thing in the table. It is fundamental that it gets buy in from higher control on your guidelines. They will do or pass on your security program. In case they don't consider the security strategy vital not one or the other will their framework system supervisors or their workers. It is significant structure relationship with the key managers. It can't overemphasize the vitality of this. It is moreover key to get acknowledgement from work participation and enrolling when deciphering disciplinary and association requirements for your standards. When it gets the system recognized it is as of now time to start making methodology, books, and necessities. Without systems, books, and necessities the task system chiefs and their information protection powers won't have the advantages to apply your tenets. Techniques, Guides, and Standards have extraordinarily particular illuminations, yet basically they can at times get blurry. Methods are particular steps that one must take after to accomplish an approach. Associates are best schedules to apply a methodology, however there is adaptability in their usage, and requirements set particular imaginative necessities that must be regarded. Conclusion It is recommended that CIOs and IT organization, including CISOs, take after five paramount orchestrating thoughts to make and apply profitable information certification structure organization: Strategize and Plan: Determine target state. See and focus on protection points of interest, based on association targets, the peril and risk environment, and congruity particulars. Set up commitment in regards to affirmation. Produce a protection structure planned with association needs. Make Governance: Set up viable government systems and sheets. Make a perfect method for determination and giving choice rights. See and dazzle stakeholders. Center decision making power and stream. Drive Modify Management: Set up a structure for teaming up and partner new considerations and strategies by method for different undertakings. Get buy in from stakeholders at all levels. Evaluate progress, and make stakeholder duty to the adjustment. Execute: Properly work the effort according to association targets. Redesign and create new parts of the effort in light of changing association particulars and peril circumstances. Measure and Improve: Evaluate how the effort has affected association results. Search for reviews from stakeholders. Drive headways through technique changes and enhancements. References [1] Avinash. (2013). software development life cycle (sdlc). tutorialspoint.com.[2] Clearswift. (2012). The CISOs Guide to Being Human. Clearswift.[3] Eric Muscat, D. T. (2013). CISO The Voice for Information Security. Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands: KPMG.[4] Hurd, B. E. (2001, June 5). The Digital Economy and the Evolution of Information Assurance. Retrieved from https://www.itoc.usma.edu/Workshop/2001/Authors/Submitted_Abstracts/paperW1C3(20).pdf[5] Mary Poppendieck, T. P. (2003). Lean Software Development: An Agile Toolkit. USA: Addison-Wesley Professional.[6] Mattord, H. J. (2005). Management of Information Security. Georgia: Kennesaw State University.[7] McMillan, R. (2014, April 14). Information Security Program Management Key Initiative Overview. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/doc/2708617/information-security-program-management-key[8] Mellon, C. (2002, August 26). Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM). Retrieved from https://www.s ei.cmu.edu/cmm/cmms/cmms.html[9] NASCIO. (2006). A Current View of the State CISO: A National Survey Assessment. USA: NASCIO.[10] NASCIO. (2006, July). Born of Necessity: The CISO Evolution Bringing the Technical and the Policy Together. Retrieved from https://www.nascio.org/nascioCommittees/securityPrivacy/members/#publications[11] NASCIO. (2006, May). The IT Security Business Case: Sustainable Funding to Manage the Risks. Retrieved from https://www.nascio.org/nascioCommittees/securityPrivacy/members/#publications[12] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (1996, September). Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Securing Information Technology Systems. Retrieved from https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-14/800-14.pdf[13] Securosis, L.L.C. (2013). The CISOs Guide to Advanced Attackers. Phoenix: Securosis, L.L.C. .[14] Wood, C. C. (2001). Information Security Policies Made Easy. Houston: Pentasafe Security Technologies, Inc. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-53670982536578408042019-12-04T13:38:00.001-08:002019-12-04T13:38:04.602-08:00Importance Of Communication Skills Essay Example For Students Importance Of Communication Skills Essay Communication skills are all around us, from the day we are born untilthe rest of our lives. How many times have you seen communication skillsrequired for a job in the classifieds and wonder what it actually means. Acommunication skill is some type of skill used in communication, From talking,body language to even listening. Many things can effect the way one can conveyhis or her communication skills to others. All of these skills are verypersonnel to one another. Everyone has different ways of expressing some kindof communication skill within them. One communication skill is speaking, by far one of the most importantskill we posses. To be a good speaker one must be able to convey ideas clearlyand briefly. One must also have a clear and pleasant tone to his or her voice. This makes the person you are talking to more attentive, thus, more interested. The speaker must also be aware of his environment and the people he is speakingto. Environment plays a lot with what you say and try to convey to people. Ifyou hear a bird chirping, you might incorporate it to what you where just aboutto say. This makes the person youre talking to even more comfortable with whatyou are trying to convey with your thoughts and ideas. This is how differentthings can effect ones communication skill, speaking. A second communication skill is body language, a very personal way ofexpressing yourself without words. Ones body language can carry a wholeconversation without even saying a word. Sign language is an excellent exampleof this, one can spend there whole life communicating only with there body. Still one can be able to understand exactly how a person is trying to expressthemselves. Speaking and body language goes hand to hand, without gestures whentalking one cannot truly explain certain things to someone. Also there is novisual effect for the person listening. When there is sound as well as somekind of visual movement one is more interested in what someone is trying to say. Through body language one can tell if a person is sad or happy, glad or mad. Body language conveys a lot of expression to are inner feelings and thoughts. Body language can show many things about you and the way you think. It can alsoshow the way a person reacts to what you try to convey to them. If the listenerisnt responding one must try and change the topic without losing the listenersfocus. One can only know this threw the listeners body language. Bodylanguage is essential to a good way of showing and conveying ones ideas. A third and final major communication skill is listening, one of themost useful communication skills. A good listener is someone who canconcentrate and not loose focus on a subject. When someone listens to someonesometimes they might start daydreaming or think of something else and loosefocus on a speakers subject. Listening is what connects people together. Onecannot speak if no one is listening, without a listener there would be no needfor a speaker. Listening is a skill that takes a long time to develop and toreally understand how to listen. One can hear but are they really listening towhat is said?. One way to make a listeners job easier is to have a speaker whois clear and brief. This way the listener wont drift away and the speaker hasstated his or her point. This way the listener has understood what has beensaid and can make his or her own interpretations. An active listener is alistener who is involved with what the speaker is trying to say. He or She forexample may nod, lean forward or make eye contact and Also may take notes. Thisshows that the speaker has done his job successfully and the listener isresponding and being active to what has been said. A listener can be biased andnot even listen this does not effect the speaker cause he or she mayberesponding to others. These effects show how important listening is to everyoneand what an important communication skill it really is. .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .postImageUrl , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:hover , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:visited , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:active { border:0!important; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:active , .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7fc9e35df6743a0268edda33534aa82d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free Media Violences: The Impact of Media Vi EssayCommunication skills will be around us forever and will continue tothrive and develop as time goes by. These effects on communication skillsshowed that one can interpret different things threw ones communication skills. As one improves their communication skills it shows us how to talk, listen andcommunicate better with one another. As the world progresses we will see morepeople taking more time to develop this skill to there fullest. One willunderstand to control the effects communication skills causes and how to handlethem. Category: English Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-82052070468483620782019-11-28T03:30:00.001-08:002019-11-28T03:30:04.080-08:00Biology Osmosis Lab Report Sample Essay ExampleBiology Osmosis Lab Report Sample Paper Biology Osmosis Lab Report Essay Introduction CO is transferred from the blood to the lungs, where is exhales. The intake 02 and the parallel elimination of CO in the lungs and is called gas exchange with the environment or otherwise breath (URL). In physiology respiration is defined as the transport of 02 in the body from the outside air to the cells within tissues and the transport of CO in the opposite direction. Thus the basic function of the respiration in human body is to deliver 02 to all parts of the body in order to produce energy for the faction of organism and remove waste product out of this. URL). This function is performed by the respiratory system. In the experiment we dealt with breathing and were signed to the chemical factor or factors boost for breath and dealt with the 02 and CO. Generally in the experiment was four times breathing, different air quality each time, which contains a collection of air from the breathing. Then measure the 02 and CO in the air which was collected. At one time was breathing atmosp heric air and the other two times was breathing 02 and CO respectively. A variety of objects among which the timer for time measurement, mouthpiece for breath, geometer for measurement the 02 in the blood, a bags for collecting air and two other bag who have 02 and CO respectively (URL). The results were obtained after the recovery gas mixtures were measured in the laboratory through a machine measuring instruments in this gas mixture. The method was used to understand the reasons for which breathing takes place as well as the specific factors causing it. The experiment helped identify these factors by the variations in air intake and exhalation. Using this method we managed to define the ideal air mixture for healthy breathing. Materials and Methods: A lot has been written and said about the control of respiration in the human body and many textbooks and scholars have dealt with this main issue in medicine. They state that respiration in healthy people is mainly controlled by CO co ncentrations present in the brain and arterial blood. Modern research is focused on specifics and details of this chemical breath control. Biology Osmosis Lab Report Essay Body Paragraphs This experiment recorded the rates of 02 and CO concentrations. High levels of CO in the blood are naturally poisonous, thus it is preferable to have them at the lowest possible levels. Paradoxically it is the increase of CO concentrations which controls breathing in the outer respiration system, the fundamental function of the human body (URL). At the first stage of the experiment, a person breathed atmospheric air thought a mouthpiece and in order to breathe only from the mouth with the help of the mouthpiece, we used a clip. In this stage of the experiment, breath was taken from normal air which was breathed from room conditions as we all breath daily, with air containing 80% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 0% CO . Breathing of normal air was taken for one minute and then the person breathed the air held his holding for as much time as possible and having the nose clip on the nose. He manages to hold his breath seconds before he blew out the air blew air into a bag; this moment is called Pane time. Then the bag was given to the laboratory technician in order to pass the air of the bag passes into a gas analysis. From the analysis of the bag air we have got the percentages of pip and APPC respectively. The units which provided the resolution are mug. In the first analysis, the results were 38, 9 mug CO and 104, 78 mug 02. The second part the experiment was repeated as previously with a few differences. Specifically, with the help of the mouthpiece and the nose clip as before was taken hyperventilation for one minute. Then the breath was hold for as long as possible, namely 61 second, after that pick up the air inside he bag for a gas analyze with the help of the laboratory technician, as before. The percentage of 02 in this case was 102. 19 mug, while the CO was 26 mug. In the third part of the experiment we use a special bag containing 5% CACM, where the mouthpiece was connected with the bag which contained the 5% CO and the breathing was taken from the bag for one minute. As previously with the assistant of mouthpiece and nose clip, the breath was hold as long as possible, specifically 37 seconds. Samples of the air in a bag ware taken again as before in the gas analyze to analyze the new rates. The rates which were taken were 111. 11 mug for 02 and 49 mug for CO The fourth time the experiment was approximately the same way as the previous times as before; with the difference breathing was taken from a bag containing 40% 02 for one minute, with the help of the mouthpiece. The breath hold was repeated again as long as possible, namely for seconds and in this case the rates of the air collected after the gas analyze, were 140. 25 mug 02 and 55 mug CO The average of these results was performed in the table below along with the graph. The rates we got were 02 140. 25 mug and CO 55 mug. In experiment except the mouthpiece and the nose clip used also the geometries to observe the oxygen present in the body and a stopwatch to measure the time of br eath and time of breath holding. Average of these results was performed and the table below along with the graph. Results: Experiment I Pane Time (sec) I Pane Time (sec) I APPC (mug) I APPC (mug) I pip (mug) I pip (mug) | Saturation | Saturation I I MEAN I SD I MEAN I SAID MEAN SD I MEAN SD I Normal Air | 59 1 91 38,9 1 6,81 104,78 | 20,95 | 96 1 51 Hyperventilation 97 | 24 | 26 1 3,91 102,19 120,95 1 95 141 co 12417149 131 111,11 | 6,13 196 131 02 | 86 191 55 131 140,25 1 1486 1 98 141 The table records the results of the experiment. Specifically itââ¬â¢s illustrating the average APPC (mug) and pip (mug) in the four breaths made during the experiment. On the graph the partial pressures of CO and 02 are compared at breaking point in the four different gas mixtures that the subject had to breathe in. The period of time it took the subject to reach breaking point is recorded every time and is otherwise called as pane time, as well as the % 02 saturation is recorded with the help of a pulse geometer. Observe the table fluctuations f the results depending each time the gas mixtures are changing. In particular we note that the results of pip are higher than other prices in contrast to the results of APPC which are the lowest. All these variations are due to the increase and decrease of pip and APPC, each time is different and also the need of every organism varies according to itsââ¬â¢ needs. The experiment was to breathing four different gases such as exists in the table like Normal air, Hyperventilation, 5% CO and 40% 02 for one minute each time. Then follow two graphs with the results of the table we got from the experiment. The first graph shows the average of APPC and pip. The red line shows the average of the results of pip that were collected in the bag. Each dot shows the exact amount of pip found after breathing different gas mixtures. The blue line also shows the average results of APPC and each dot shows the exact amount of APPC found after breathi ng different gas mixtures. Specifically, we observe that the values of the red line are higher as it should be since we need oxygen to survive. The normal levels of partial pressure of 02 in exhaled air, at rest are 120 mug for the oxygen and for carbon dioxide 27 mug. However the amounts in he experiment observed are especially different than normal levels because the gas mixture levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen were always different each time and also this is because the breath was held for some time before exhaling. The first point of the graph illustrated decreased rates of oxygen from normal while the rates of carbon dioxide increased. That is due to respiration which continued happening even when the person was holding its breath therefore as there was no rate of elimination and there was no more oxygen breathed in carbon dioxide levels increased since it is a byproduct of respiration. The second point also shows that the amount of pip is higher than the amount of APPC. At this point we had rates from hyperventilation. We see that both the amounts of pip and the rate of APPC are lower than the previous breath but normal levels. With hyperventilation the oxygen levels are lower from every other condition because the subject is taking short and fast breaths to satisfy it is immediate need for oxygen. Lower amounts of oxygen result to lower amounts of carbon dioxide. The third point shows the rates of respiration when a %5 of CO was introduced to the gas mixture. At this point the levels pip and APPC have increased from he previous breaths. The oxygen levels are reduced compared with the levels of carbon dioxide which is normal since the gas mixture contained 5% of carbon dioxide. Observe these results because at this point there was a large increase in the carbon dioxide resulting in oxygen to be slightly increased because there is a need for the organism to stay at equilibrium levels always so more oxygen uptake was needed. In the fourth section the re sults are more elevated than all the other points, but in addition is increased and compared to normal levels of exhaled air at rest. The results of this point were obtained after the breathing f 40% more oxygen than normal. With this respiration levels increased since a large amount of oxygen was breathed in and in this way the rate of carbon dioxide increased because is a byproduct of respiration. In the second graph, the green line shows the % rate of 02 compared to the four times of breathing different gases. Notice that the first and third point at the graph, when the subject was breathing normal air and then when a 5% of CO was added to the mixture, are the same amount. Believe that is because both oxygen and carbon dioxide increased as well so the saturation stayed at about normal levels. In hyperventilation it had the smallest percentage of oxygen saturation due to decreased amount of oxygen breathed in. On the other hand, the fourth point has the largest percentage of oxyge n breathing because the subject was breathing in a gas mixture that contained 40% more oxygen so it is normal that the oxygen saturation levels are the highest. Conclusion: This experiment helped us learn how to collect and analyses and expired air samples. They also learn how to appreciate the relative influence of 02 and CO on the control of respiration. Floating the aim of the experiment is to determine he risk, chemical and non-chemical, helping to be breathing. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Osmosis Lab Report Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Osmosis Lab Report Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Osmosis Lab Report Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-3705657334484833322019-11-24T11:04:00.001-08:002019-11-24T11:04:03.064-08:00Greenland essaysGreenland essays The geography of Greenland is quite ironic considering its name. Greenland is Located in the northern part of North America. It is between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada. Greenlands area is approximately 2,715,600 square kilometers. Its area is slightly more than 3 times the size of Texas. It is the largest island in the world. It is also primarily by the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay and from Iceland on the east, by the Denmark Strait. Greenlands terrain is flat to a gradually sloping icecap. It covers everything but a narrow, mountainous, rocky coast. Its climate has cool summers and very cold winters! During the summertime in the southern part of Greenland, the average Temperature is 48à ° Fahrenheit. The climate of Greenland is generally dry. People have lived on Greenland for about 5, 000 years, the earliest belonging to what are called the Independence I, Saqqaq, and Independence II cultures. Greenland is the source of many weather changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Their natural resources include Zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals and whales. The mammals include the musk-ox, wolf, lemming, and reindeer. Circumpolar animals that inhabit the island are the polar bear, arctic fox, polar hare, and stoat. The environmental issues consist of protecting the arctic environment and preservation of their traditional way of life, including whaling. The population of Greenland is 59, 827 people. They are called Greenlanders and the majority religion is Evangelical Lutheran. Their languages include Eskimo dialects, Danish, and Greenlandic (An Inuit dialect.). The age structure is 0-14 years 26%; 15-64 68%; 65-? 6%. The total life expectancy is male 65.98 years and female 74.24 years. The total life expectancy population is to 70 years. ... Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-3709681918978161362019-11-21T07:14:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:14:11.344-08:00Insurance Industry and Global Climax Change Research PaperInsurance Industry and Global Climax Change - Research Paper Example However, the level of human consumption and the consequential degradation of the natural environment have reached a level of mutual destruction and dire consequences for both human inhabitants and the nature. Thus, the greatest environmental concern facing the planet is excessive carbon footprints left by the people on the planet. Carbon is a vital element for both human beings and the natural environment (Mills et al, 2006). Climate Change A. Data about how frequency of disaster due to climate changes Climate change has negative impact in the sense that landslides and floods, tsunamis and hurricanes are common phenomenon. For instance, landslides and floods have claimed more than one thousands lives in Brazil. Further, climate change has seen the sea ice in countries such as Canada take long time to appear during the months of winter, which in turn negatively affects the polar bear this is because the polar bear are spending too much time on land decreasing the time they spend hunti ng in the sea ice. Polar bear can hunt effectively in sea ice not on land, and as a result, the population of this creature is rapidly decreasing. In addition, climate change has led to increase in extra tropical cyclones, hailstorms, bush fires, droughts and heat waves. More extensive destruction, social, environmental, and economical impacts from weather related tragedies. Transformations in atmospheric process will negative influence the health, property and lives of many people in the world (Mills, 2005). B. Data about damage climate change every year The increase in temperatures causes large boulders of ice to melt and form water, which flows to large water bodies. As a result, there is a rise in sea level all over the globe. This reduces the area of land under settlement and is posing a threat to human existence. The human being who had caused the warming, with or without their knowledge, is now being punished by nature. The Antarctic regions is a good example, as the melted i ce masses causes displacement of people and the consequence is causing a strain on land space (Jacobs, 2012). C. Direct Impact on human and properties a. Health Impacts a. Weather-related Mortality Climate change that took place since 1970s has claimed over 150,000 excess lives yearly by the year 2004. The number of weather related tragedies has increased since 1960s. Each year, these tragedies lead to more than 55,000 deaths particularly in developing nations. b. Infectious Diseases Global climate change influence the environmental and social determinants of health in the sense that human beings are exposed to unclean air, unsafe drinking water, lack of sufficient food and poor shelter. This in turn leads to many infectious diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, dengue and malnutrition which worsen as the climate transforms. c. Air Quality- Respiratory Illnesses Global increase in the respiratory diseases such as allergies and asthma results from global warming such as depletion of oz one layers, spread of communicable illnesses because of earth heats, and rising temperatures. 2. Agriculture Impacts a. Crop Yields i. Food shortage The increasing precipitation and rising temper Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-19007800450451848932019-11-20T08:41:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:41:06.187-08:00The relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices EssayThe relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices of Marks & Spencer plc - Essay Example The company that is the subject of this research is Marks and Spencer Plc. (M&S), one of the foremost British transnational retailer. It was established in the year 1884. Over the years, it has operated its business in the global retail industry and provided a wide range of products and services to its customers such as clothing, food along with financial instrument among others. Marks and Spencer has franchises in several countries such as China, Indonesia and South Korea among others. In early 1990s, it had started to establish its brand image and subsequently emerged as a household name on the global market. However, the organization has lost its acclaim in the global platform to a certain extent during the last decade. Unfortunately, since last few years, Marks and Spencer has been losing its competitive power on the global retail industry. Competitors such as Arcadia Group Limited, Benetton Group, Oasis and The Gap and Burberry Group among others are eventually coming up with ex citing and innovative trends to attract the global customers. This factor has been resulting in a steep decline for Marks and Spencer. With the consideration of these facts, the study intends to define and comprehend the notions of strategic position and strategic choices and subsequently desires to integrate the notions with the presented scenarios in the case study related to the operations of Marks and Spencer. Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-16156748052254771392019-11-17T23:43:00.001-08:002019-11-17T23:43:02.602-08:00The Value of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1The Value of Money - Essay Example Some of the items included a baby doll, a puzzle of teddy bears, baby clothes for the baby doll, and a package of M&Ms for my sweet tooth. I was putting the items in the cart without my moms knowledge, hiding them to make sure she would not see them until we were checking out. Once at the checkout, my mom would put each of the items on the conveyer belt. When she came to the items that I had picked out, she shook her head and asked me ââ¬Å"are you paying for the items that you have put in the cart?â⬠. I answered ââ¬Å"No, I donââ¬â¢t have any money.â⬠. My mom replied ââ¬Å"You know money doesnââ¬â¢t grow on trees. You need to learn that you have to earn your money to buy the things that you want.â⬠My mom told the cashier that everything that I picked out would have to go back, except for the M&Mââ¬â¢s. After this incident, my mom decided to help me learn about the value of money and how to earn it. She started having me do chores around the house so that I could earn money to buy some of the items I wanted. Although this helped me understand that money was not free, I remember thinking how unfair it was that I had to earn money to buy my toy(s). Now that Iââ¬â¢m grown up, I have a great job, and a family of my own. I have learned that not only do I have to earn the money I need, I have to manage my money in order to pay bills and buy the item(s) I want. Every trip to the store now consists of me asking myself whether or not I need the item as opposed to wanting the item, regardless of whether I can afford the item or not. During my most recent trip to Wal-Mart, I strolled up and down the grocery aisle, picking up the items that were on my grocery list. After I was finished getting all with my list, I found myself wandering around looking for anything else that I might want. My first stop on my whimsical items splurge took me to the candy aisle for a big bag of M&Ms Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1582722384133344054.post-14212206895451964462019-11-15T12:14:00.001-08:002019-11-15T12:14:07.226-08:00What Is Capacity Planning?What Is Capacity Planning? Planning is concerned with thinking ahead, making provision. Capacity can be referred to as the upper limit on the rate of output. Another meaning of capacity can also be to maximum rate at which a transformation system produces or processes inputs. Therefore capacity planning can be defined as the process used to determine how much capacity is needed and when it is needed, in order to manufacture greater product or being production of a new product. According to TeamQuest (www.teamquest.ocm/capacityplanning Date access 12 Feb 2010) the goal of capacity plannings would be to provide satisfactory service levels to users in a cost-effective manner. Capacity planning has become a major issue in a global environment due to the financial benefits of the efficient use of capacity plans within material requirements planning systems and other information systems. Insufficient capacity will lead to insufficient delivery performance, stress on current work-in-process, and frustrate sales personnel and those in manufacturing. However, excess capacity can be costly and unnecessary. The lack of proper capacity planning will become a barrier to the achievement of maximising performance. With regard to Natref refinery they have a constant plan ahead for the next six months where the last three months are fixed. A shortage of supply would definitely influence its ability to provide according to its estimates. The supplies need to be monitored closely due to the fact that capacity is a possible restraint, especially when there is a need for stock building. These problems are closely planned and scheduled to reduce unforeseen capacity problems. The planning is done by the shareholders of Natref namely Sasol, that holds 63.64% of the shares and Total that holds 36.36% shares. The shareholders are very closely involved with Natrefs daily operations. The levels of capacity and production rate is constantly monitored to ensure that the plant is run in an optimized way and to ensure that there are no shortage of raw materials. When doing capacity planning it is important to consider the following three steps as set out by TeamQuest (www.teamquest.ocm/capacityplanning Date access 12 Feb 2010): To follow the above mentioned steps, you can ensure that your organisation will be prepared for the future. You will have the information necessary to purchase only what you need, avoiding over-provisioning while at the same time assuring adequate service. To be able to do capacity planning it is important to understand and determine the market requirements. To be able to determine the requirements you need to understand the workloads. Before setting service/product levels, you need to determine what unit you will use to measure the incoming work. According to TeamQuest (www.teamquest.ocm/capacityplanning Date access 12 Feb 2010) the workload can be explained as a logical classification of work performed. It is useful to analyze the work done on systems in terms that make sense BOTTLENECKS What is a bottleneck? A Bottleneck is the action that occurs and causes the capacity in a certain procedure that is not fully utilized for (Operations Supply Management, Jacobs, Chase, Aquilano, 2009:165) this action, it may be time, how long it takes to complete the task or the facilities that are in process for instance dispatch places of the final product. Business Definition: Bottleneck (http://dictionary.bnet.com/definition/bottleneck.html Date of access 10 Feb 2010) An activity within an organization which has a lower capacity than preceding or subsequent activities, thereby limiting throughput. Bottlenecks are often the cause of a build-up of work in progress and of idle time, A limiting factor on the rate of an operation. A workstation operating at its maximum capacity becomes a bottleneck if the rate of production elsewhere in the plant increases throughput but at that workstation can not be increased to meet demand. An understanding of bottlenecks is important if the efficiency and capacity of an assembly line are to be increased. The techniques of fishbone charts, Pareto charts, and flow charts can be used to identify where and why bottlenecks occur. Identification of bottlenecks (Production and Operations Management, Ray Wild, 1979) There are two ways to identify bottlenecks in a system, first check whether the resource profile is correct for the given capacity and secondly make use of the knowledge of personnel in the specific layout by discussing this and finding out where they see the bottlenecks. In the process to avert and manage bottlenecks, there need to be looked at the following factors: The work that must be done and the work ethics The goal is to establish what the most economic way is, to get the work done. To standardize the method, equipment and material that is used to get the work done. Furthermore there should be established how much time a qualified worker needs to do a job of a given quality standard. It is important that this process be applied for maximum benefit to the organization. The interpretation of the layout Points that need to be looked at are the following: Cost of the handling and moving of crude oil. Utilization of labour, facilities and the space of the plant. Are there initial plans for the maximization or minimization of the layout? If equipment needs to be changed or replaced, does the plant compensate for it? Capacity planning and management thereof Effective capacity management is of utmost importance to Natref. The main goal for capacity planning is to balance the level of manufacturing to the demand of the product being manufactured. Capacity planning comes down to the following two factors: Determining the capacity needed for the manufacturing system. By developing and implementing a strategy that can be used in the existing process by applying resources in such a manner those fluctuations can supply in demand. Scheduling Because Natref is operating on a LEAN process, scheduling is of utmost importance, for example when a shutdown is planned. This means that certain activities will have to be rescheduled, for example, more completed products will have to be stored for the demand thereof during the shutdown. The ships with crude oil that have been ordered, will have to be rescheduled, because there might not be storage available at Natcos. The design and scheduling of the process flow See if the refinery process used by Natref is entailing optimal flow, in other words, is the manufacturing line in balance. All these processes are being used and implemented by Natref. What makes the situation at Natref a slightly different is that bottlenecks can not only arise in the layout, but also in the process of crude oil being provided from Durban by pipe line. Bottlenecks can also arise at the storage facility (Natcos). Refer to Annexure A for the schematic presentation on the potential bottlenecks. All the points marked A, B, C, D and E can be identified as probable bottlenecks. Because Natref itself does not have a lot of storage capacity (LEAN) for crude oil, they should act more pro-active to avoid bottlenecks in the refining and procurement stages. If bottlenecks occur during the refining process, then it should be dealt with the utmost urgency. Note to Natref At present Natrefs biggest points for bottlenecks are the procuring and shipping of ready products, because in both cases they do not have enough storage capacity. The existing shipping facility is too small and therefore a bigger shipping facility is being built to increase the tempo for road- and rail transport. This is a much cheaper option to building a storage facility at Natref, because there would be less risk due to fire hazards when product is kept in storage. Natrefs main goal is procurement of energy resources. Natref should in fact make use of its clients storage facilities and so shipping its ready-made products quicker. Relating to the procurement of crude oil, Natref should manage bottlenecks as follows for minimum risks: Advanced buying of crude oil should be scheduled that there would always be enough ships on its way, so that Natcos (storage farm at Durban) would not run out and that there would always be enough storage space. Maintenance plans for the pipe line from Natcos to Natref should be thoroughly seen through, so that continual flow of crude oil can be maintained. Maintenance should be synchronized during shutdown dates. CAPACITY PLANNING: CHANGES IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY The business environment has never been more challenging than it is right now. The speed of change in the marketplace is creating a stress on corporations to respond quickly and effectively. The foundation that is required to react to dynamic changes in supply and demand is based on understanding your supply chains capacities. Understanding and then building the infrastructure that provides the needed flexibility and speed requires an in-depth understanding of how capacity impacts your business. The impact of capacity management is felt throughout the organization, within every element of the supply chain. Supplier capacity can bring production to a standstill. Production capacity is equally important; if the capacity is not great enough to meet peak demand periods and inventory building is not properly planned, customer demand will go unfilled. Distribution capacity, both storage and throughput, ensures delivery of the right product at the right time. Transportation connects all elements of the supply chain; as such, its capacity issues are key, influencing service levels and on-time delivery performance. Change has become the rule, not the exception. The need for capacity management is measured not in years or quarters but rather in weeks and months. Changes can be brutally fast and without warning. Industry over the past two years has been hit hard with a steep slowdown of their business. Some were managing their capacity to great detail during the late 90s, with state of the art systems in place; however, these systems failed when business conditions began impacting their extended supply chains, including contract manufacturers and suppliers. With these current levels of change, dynamic measurement and planning tools have become a necessity. External as well as internal dynamics create the need for constant monitoring and adjustment of capacity levels and policies. Global economic conditions and competitors cause external pressures that challenge current business practices. From price pressures to raw material availability, organizations must be flexible enough to react quickly to these changes. Internal dynamics can be equally as disruptive. Acquisitions and partnerships as well as moves into new markets create opportunities to leverage current assets and spend capital wisely. However, without proper planning, these opportunities can become large challenges and liabilities if synergies are not exploited. No matter how well capacity planning is conducted, these decisions must periodically be revisited to make sure they are still aligned with the organizations goals. If so, they will provide the foundation to support new initiatives including collaboration throughout the extended supply chain. Management Reality: A subjective issue As every manager knows, capacity is a difficult concept to quantify. Whether its a workstations ability to process jobs or a manufacturing plants capability for a year, the answer is frequently it depends. Because of the dynamic nature of capacity and the interrelationships among different supply chain elements, capacity is forever changing. Product-mix changes, process or equipment engineering improvements, labor availability and new data management systems are only a few reasons capacity can suddenly change. The most available and, therefore, most popular measure of capacity is the past-but the past is not necessarily a good indication of the future. There is an answer. Many tools have been developed to address the dynamic nature of supply chains today. In an effort to empower managers, to allow them to plan rather than react, planning tools evaluate a variety of variables and are superior to educated guessing about where, how much and when capacity should be modified. With a scope ranging from a full view of the supply chain to a subset of the organization to a micro within the box view of a facility, there is a tool to meet any capacity management need. These tools help quantify the differences among alternatives and lead to a greater understanding of the interrelationships within a supply chain. From identifying bottlenecks, to backup suppliers, to available alternate routings, to contingency planning, the true cost and impact of decisions can be evaluated. Because all elements of the system being studied can be represented at once, sub-optimization can be avoided. Alternatives can be objectively evaluated to determine their t rue impact on a variety of performance measures, including throughput capacity, inventory levels, and cycle times, before expensive and disruptive changes are made. According to Baltzan et al. (2009:184) demand planning SCM (Supply Chain Management) software can help an organization determine capacity. An organization must determine the performance capacity level for each of its facilities. If it decides a facility will have a large amount of excess capacity, which provides the flexibility to respond to wide swings in demand, then it is choosing an effectiveness strategy. Excess capacity, however, cost money and can therefore decrease efficiency. Natref does just this, by utilising its software, swinging the throughput of its product albeit Diesel or Petrol, whenever the demand for the one product exceeds that of the other the system can rapidly change the throughput of the product needed. Competitive Advantage: Knowledge is Power Capacitys pervasive influence and the pace of change make the need for accurate knowledge and flexibility a necessity. The ability to quickly react, while making educated and informed decisions, will directly impact the health and success of your organization. It will enable you to rise above your competition, to compete based on your supply chain and the service and flexibility you can provide. In todays dynamic business environment, speed and flexibility are a necessity. From being able to quickly respond to business conditions to reacting to dramatic changes in customer demand, a disproportion of capacity can have devastating results. Too much capacity can result in low return on assets, morale damaging layoffs and expensive facility closures while too little can result in lost sales and eroding customer loyalty. Utilizing a strategic network design tool allows an organization to objectively evaluate its extended supply chain and simultaneously consider all costs and business policies. This understanding can then drive an organizations capital expenditures and strategies as they build a world-class supply chain, built to compete against any organization in the world. It can be said that from the information provided by Natref it is utilising its capacity very successful. In total Natref produces 170 000 m3 of Petrol 170 000m3 of Diesel fuel + 30 000 m3 of Diesel fuel for export markets, 110 000 m3 of Jet-Fuel (kerosene) and 25 000 t Heavy Fuel Oil for industrial use 13 000 t of Bitumen. Thus a total of 480 000m3 and 38 000t of product. The demand fluctuates constantly and Natref has to constantly stay abreast with changes. Natref are fortunate to have shareholders that have a direct input into the market that helps with its planning. TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE LONG-TERM CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS To achieve real (effective) capacity, you must understand what is produce, need to look at both resource input and product output. As operation manager you have to ensure to view also the dimension of capacity, and that capacity must be stated relative to some period of time. This is evidence in the common distinction draw between long-range, intermediate-range, and short-range capacity planning.(Jacobs, Chase and Aquilano (2009:121-122)) According to Jacobs et al (2009:123-124) the objective of strategic capacity planning is to provide an approach for determining the overall capacity level of capital-intensive resources facilities, equipment, and overall labour force size that best support the companys long-range competitive strategy. To ensure overall capacity level the concept of best operating level must be used and at all time ensure a 100% capacity utilization rate is acquired. Capacity utilization rate is determined by the actual capacity used divided by the actual capacity it has been developing for. The % out of 100 will determined the utilization rate. When determining capacity requirements, you have to require demand for each product line, individual plant capabilities, and allocation from production: Use forecasting techniques to predict sales for individual products within each product line. Calculate equipment and labour requirements to meet product line forecasting. Project labour and equipment available over the planning horizon. (Jacobs et al (2009:121-122)) To evaluate capacity alternatives Jacobs et al (2009:131) suggests the use of a decision tree. A decision tree is a convenient way to evaluate a capacity investment decision; this does not only help to understand the problem but also finds a solution. A decision tree is a schematic model of the sequence of steps in a problem and the conditions and consequences of each step. The way forward is that a square indicates a decision point and the circles represent change events. Branches from decision point show choices available for decision maker, branches from chance events show the probabilities for occurrence. To solve the tree you work back from the end to the start of the tree, you calculate the expected values of each step, by calculating the value of each step the time and money value is important if the planning horizon is long. Example diagram of a decision tree Once the calculation is made you prune the tree by eliminating from each decision point all the branches except the one with the highest pay off. This continues until the first decision point and problems are solved. If no changes are made competitors will move in and would make expansion no longer feasible. According to an International Journal of Production Economics (2001:p215-22) in a manufacturing strategy, capacity is a structural decision category, dealing with dynamic capacity expansion and reduction relative to the long-term changes in demand levels. Sales and operation planning (SOP) is the long-term planning of production levels relative to sales within the frame work of a manufacturing planning and control system. Within the SOP, resources planning are used for determining the appropriate capacity levels in order to support the production plan. Manufacturing strategy and sales operation planning provides two perspectives on long-term capacity management, raising and treating different issues. Note to Natref: regarding best practice techniques to determine long-term capacity requirements Natref needs to: Estimate the capacity of the present facilities 115 000 barrels/day All petrol grades @ 3500 liter/minute 80% of JIA jet fuel requirements @ 2000 l/minute, and Diesel @ 4500 liters/minute With above information Natref need to establish their capacity utilization percentage and relates the actual output to output capacity and actual input use to input capacity. This will determine the efficiency of the current input and output capacity. With this a capacity cushion need to be added on to the capacity demand to allow for: greater than expected demand, demand during peak demand seasons, lower production cost, product and volume flexibility and improve quality of products and services. Forecast the long-range future capacity needs Natref need to consider the life input for the next 5 years and understand the product life cycle as it impacts capacity. Anticipate technology development and competitors action. Forecast the strategy and demand of shareholders. Ask the question what will change to the current month productions in 5 years: 170 000 m3 of Petrol 30 000 m3 of Diesel fuel for export markets 110 000 m3 Jet-fuel 25 000 t heavy fuel oil for industrial use Natref could also expand long-term capacity by: Subcontract with other companies, acquire other companies facilities and resources Expand , update or modify excising facilities When all above is done and the forecast and capacity requirements has been establish. Two approaches could be followed namely expand all at once or expand incrementally. Expand all at once build the ultimate facility now and grow into it Little risk of having to turn down business due to inadequate capacity and less interruption of production One large project cost less than few smaller projects and due to inflation, will construction cost be higher in the future Incrementally build as capacity demand grow Less risky if forecast needs to materialize and funds are not teid up in capacity for other investment possibilities Appropriate for new products May suggestion would be that after Natref has decides what strategy they want to take for the next 5 years regarding long-term capacity requirements they need to analyze more than one suggestion in a decision tree the expected value approach. The decision point would be the 5 year strategy, regarding this Natref need to determine more than one change event that will have an expected value. This will allow Natref to see all choices available for decision making and the probabilities for occurrence. When all the choices available value are calculated, Natref need to work back from the end of the tree to the start of the tree, this will allow Natref to calculated the expected value of each step and the time and money to determine the actual long-term requirements for the next 5 years. WAYS TO COUNTER LACK OF CAPACITY DURING PEAK DEMANDS/SHUTDOWNS If the goal of capacity planning is to provide satisfactory service levels to users in a cost effective manner, then the lack of capacity would be not succeeding in providing satisfactory service levels. And if capacity planning is defined as the process that is used to determine how much capacity is needed and when it is needed, in order to manufacture greater products or production of a new product, then lack of capacity is the situation where a goal is not achieved, due to some or other constraint in the process. According to a study conducted by Sylvester, Lendon and Bevan (2004:1) they prove that to continually add capacity is not a viable solution to counter the lack of capacity. In their study they needed to properly understand and manage patient flow in a hospital. This is removed from the capacity at a refinery, but the basics would still be the same. If one compare this directly to the Natref state of affairs, the assumption would be that to add capacity would not necessarily counter the lack of capacity. Natref is currently in the process of establishing another storage facility. The cost of adding this facility is very high, approximately R300 million. It is therefore not possible to constantly add capacity or storage facilities every time it seems that a lack of capacity will occur. Natref counter a lack of capacity by erecting a new storage facility, by ensuring that their estimates and planning for the given shutdown/peak period is precise. Although the product is stored periodically, to ensure that on the date of the shutdown or when the peak demand starts, it has sufficient stock to continue with the demand or supply in the additional situation, Natref should investigate the possibilities of utilising external sources of capacity. These storage facilities could include the underground tanks of the individual filling stations, and/or determining the product that will most likely be short or that needs to be stored for future use and to expand the storage of that product and less ening the storage of the product that would not be used as frequently. According to TeamQuest (www.teamquest.ocm/capacityplanning Date access 12 Feb 2010): there are five noteworthy reasons why capacity planning fails. It would also be possible to trace these reasons back and make a connection with the lack of capacity. If the planning fails the capacity would most probably fail as well. These five reasons are: 1. Imperfect data; 2. Lack of common goals; 3. Trendy versus modelling; 4. Too narrow view; 5. Flaws in the prediction method. If these five facts are taken into consideration when the capacity planning is done, it would increase the possibility of success for a project. Further there are three important considerations taken into account when adding capacity. They are: 1. Maintaining system balance; 2. Frequency of capacity; and 3. Use of external capacity. When analysing current capacity there are four basic steps that could be used to assist you: TeamQuest (www.teamquest.ocm/capacityplanning Date access 12 Feb 2010) identifies the following four steps: The first step would include comparing the measurements of any items referenced in the service level agreements with their objectives. This will indicate whether the system has adequate capacity. The second step would include checking the usage of resources. This analysis identifies highly used resources that may prove problematic at present or in the future. The third step would include looking at the resource utilisation for each workload. Determine which workloads are the major users of each resource. This will indicate the workloads that are making the greatest demands on the system resources. The fourth step is to determine where each workload is spending its time by analysing the components of response time. Allowing you to determine which system resources are responsible for the greatest portion of the response time for each workload. When measuring capacity you need to consider the following: Design capacity: the maximum output that can possibly be attained. Effective capacity: The maximum possible output given a product mix, scheduling difficulties, machine maintenance, quality factors, and so on. Actual output: the rate of output actually achieved. Measuring of System Effectiveness: Efficiency: the ratio of actual output to effective capacity Utilization the ratio of actual output to design capacity. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE: To ensure that you will be able to meet the requirements of the market in a years time, you need to do capacity planning based on the forecasted processing requirements. You need to know the expected amount of incoming work, by workload. That will allow you to calculate the optimal system configuration for satisfying service levels. Future processing requirements can come from a variety of sources. Input form management may include: Expected growth in the business Requirements for implementing new applications Planned acquisitions or divestitures to name but a few. Additional, future processing requirements may be identified from trends in historical measurements of incoming work such as orders or transactions. After system capacity requirements for the future are identified, a capacity plan should be developed to prepare for it. The first step in doing this is to create a model of the current configuration. From this starting point, the model can be modified to reflect the future capacity requirements. If the results of the model indicate that the current configuration does not provide sufficient capacity for the future requirements, then the model can be used to evaluate configuration alternatives to find the optimal way to provide sufficient capacity. When considering capacity planning there are even more issues to consider. Best practices. Since the late nineties refineries have expanded capacity significantly, production capacity has increased tremendously. As refineries got larger, it was expected that emissions would increase as well. Environmental problems have become a huge issue due to the large expansion in demand for product. Goals to achieve the environmental standards and best practices are a large part of capacity planning and production. Finding newer and better ways of producing more product and faster and cheaper. New modern techniques have challenged organisations to rethink the way they conduct business both internally and externally. To determine how efficiently and effectively their entire supply chain is managed. The petroleum refining industry has effectively embraced the software solutions to optimise the business supply chain to maximise the profit margins and create order in the chaos of numerous opportunities and challenges. The supply chain of a typical petroleum refining company involves a wide spectrum of activities, starting form crude purchase and crude transportation to refineries, refining operations, product transportation and finally delivering the product to the end user. The nature of the value chain is such that its economics are extremely complex and heavily linked. For example the process of selecting the right crude is liked not only to the transportation costs involved in delivering to the refinery, but it must take into consideration the refinery configuration, capabilities and constraints in converting the crude into products, as well as the product volume and price fluctuations. Software solutions based on Linear programming (LP) technique have emerged as leaders among various mathematical optimization techniques available to optimize the entire supply chain form crude evaluation and selection, production planning and product logistic planning Refinery planning form the foundation for the business decisions that have the biggest impact on refinery profitability. The following are plans that should be considered: Annual plans Monthly rolling plans Weekly Plans Strategic Plans Profitability improvement plans LONG TERM CAPACITY PLANNING According to the Encyclopaedia of Business, 2nd ed. The following is explained under long term capacity planning: Over the long term, capacity planning relates primarily to strategic issues. This involves the firms major production facilities. This type of planning also involves location decisions, technology and transferability of the process to other products. Long term capacity planning may evolve when short term changes in capacity are insufficient. Long term considerations relates to overall level of capacity Det Whilleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02674665220705913597noreply@blogger.com0