SWU Food and Beverage

Southwestern University (SWU), located 30 miles southwest of the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex, has witnessed tremendous growth in its football program. With that growth, fueled by the hiring of legendary coach Bo Pitterno, has come more fame, the need for a bigger stadium, and more complaints about seating, parking, long lines, and concession stand prices.Southwestern Universitys president, Dr. Marty Starr, was not only concerned about the cost of expanding the existing stadium versus building a new stadium, but also about the ancillary activities. He wants to be sure that these various support activities generate revenue adequate to pay for themselves. Consequently, he wants the parking lots, game programs, and food service to all be handled as profit centers. At a recent meeting discussing the new stadium, Starr told the stadium manager, Hank Maddux, to develop a break-even chart and related data for each of the centers.He instructed Maddux to have the food service area break-even r eport ready for the next meeting. After discussion with other facility managers and his subordinates, Maddux developed the table below. This table shows the expected percent of revenue by item, the suggested selling prices, and his estimate of variable costs.Selling Variable Percent ItemPrice/UnitCost/UnitRevenue Soft drink$1.50 $ .75 25% Coffee 2.00 .50 25% Hot dogs 2.00 .80 20% Hamburgers 2.50 1.00 20% Misc. snacks 1.00 .40 10%Madduxs fixed costs are interesting. He estimated that the prorated portion of the stadium cost would be: salaries for food services at $100,000 ($20,000 for each of the five home games); 2,400 square feet of stadium space at $2 per square foot per game; and six people in each of the six booths for 5 hours at $7 an hour. These fixed costs will be proportionately allocated to each of the products based on percentages provided in the table. For example, the revenue from soft drinks would be expected to cover 25% of the total fixed cost.Maddux wants to be sure that he has a number of things for President Starr: 1, the total fixed cost that must be covered at each of the games. 2, the portion of the fixed cost that must be covered at each of the games/ 3, what his unit sales would be at break-even for each items- that is, what sales of soft drinks, coffee, hot dogs, and hamburgers are necessary to cover the portion of the fixed cost allocated to each of these items. 4, what the dollar sales for each of these would be at these break-even points, and 5, realistic sales estimates per attendee for attendance of 60,000 and 35,000 (in other words, he wants to know how many dollars each atendee is spending on food at his projected break-even sales at present and if attendance grows to 60,000).He felt this last piece of information would be helpful to understand how realistic the assumptions of his model are, and this information could be compared with similar figures from previous seasons.DISCUSSION QUESTIONPrepare the report with the items noted so it is ready for Dr. Starr at the next meeting.

Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World Essay

An investigation on the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions in the world. Located in a semi-arid zone, South Africa is one of the thirty driest countries in the world with limited water resources, which are unevenly distributed. In this country, five million people of the population have no access to safe drinking water and nearly fifteen million lack basic sanitation. The lack of drinking water is a serious problem, since there are more than 1.6 million children under five years whom die every year worldwide.(the water project 2012). This report will assess the feasibility of different techniques for providing drinkable water to South Africa. It will also present different options suitable for arid regions, looking to improve their water resources comparing them, and then concluding by pointing out which is the most feasible and efficient technique. BACKGROUND From apartheid to epidemics such as aids or tuberculosis, South Africa has experienced several disasters. Now it has to face a new crisis: an abundance of drinkable water. In fact there is several reasons to explain this water crisis. Firstly, the climate change has affected the water supply as rain has become increasingly scarce. For instance â€Å"in Durban the dams are 20 per cent lower than at the start of 2010†. (the water projet) Moreover, the problem of pollution rages; in fact, mining plants in South Africa throw all their toxic and radioactive waste in African rivers. They dump highly toxic substances such as mercury, arsenic and uranium in the river, as it is toxic and reacts violently with water, once in it the water will be contaminated. The water will therefore have a highly acidic pH of 2.2 (pH level close to that of a lemon). For instance, Wonderfontein Spruit River, one of the largest rivers in South Africa is extremely polluted due to the 50 tons of uranium mi ning plants have dumped into the river. Likewise, Lake Robinson, a fishing lake, has today a uranium concentration of 16mg/L due to toxic waste; (the guardian). consequently more than 1.6 million people die each year.(waterwise2012) DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS: 1. Setting up Tidal power plants to purify water which could be installed in the Atlantic Ocean, located next to South Africa; these tidal power plants derive their energy from the force of the tide. With this process, when the water is raised energy is produced, the water could then be filtered through a filtering system (reverse osmosis). Through this, these plants will not only produce energy from a renewable energy source, but also filter the polluted water. (inventors.about.2012) 2. Excavation of a groundwater is another solution to provide a fresh water supply. This resource, which makes up 15 per cent of the drinkable water in South Africa, represents an important source of water. It can provide water to more than 400 cities (water.dwa.gov). In over 90% of the country, it occurs in hard rocks, which have no pore spaces, and it is powered by the infiltration of rainwater (Anthonyturton). This is acquired by drilling a bore, which is then fitted with a pipe into the aquifer, pum ping the water to the surface (gwd, 2012). In addition, it is high quality water, as a layer of clay that acts as a filter protects it. 3. Measuring and monitoring water quality†¨is also a great way to make sure the water in the country are usable. It helps limit and suppress the release of toxic and radioactive waste into the rivers of Africa. The government must put in place measures prohibiting any discharge that may contaminate the water. To achieve this, the government must find an alternative solution for the toxic waste dumped into the rivers such as collection center set up in order to collect the waste and possibly even recycle the waste. If this is done, then many of the rivers and lakes in South Africa will be clean again and could become a clean water resource once again. COMPARISON AND VIABILITY OF THE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS 1. Setting up power plants is another solution that could be used. The tidal power plants provide an almost inexhaustible amount of water, thus sufficient not only for the entire population but also for its agricultural and industrial sectors. Moreover, since these plants use renewable energy and non-polluting, it reduces the concentration of pollution added to the water. However, the implementation of these tidal power plants is expensive and therefore need investment from the government and organizations, which might not be able to provide (Elmelech 2006). However, the invention of new â€Å"nanotechnology† can reduce expenditures and promote the installment. (Polyzou 2010) 2. Excavation of groundwater: The groundwater does not pollute as easily as other water sources. Indeed, according to Carr and Neary it may take years to be able to pollute the reserve’s groundwater. However, the ground has disadvantages as the amount of water, which is not renewable. In fact, the majority of groundwater has been charged over the previous periods, in different climates. As fossil fuels were created under conditions that have not existed for a long time, this â€Å"freshwater fossil† is considered non-renewable. Thus, once aquifers have declined they will cease to be a resource because they will not charge in the future. (groundwater.org) 3. Monitoring or measuring water quality develop†¨enacted anti-pollution measures is a solution that doesn’t require great expenditures. Indeed, water already exists and is eager not to be polluted, to be drunk. But in a developing country, like South Africa, the corruption, which is everywhere, prevents the compliance with these measures. CONLUSION To conclude, the water crisis, which rages in South Africa, is due to human activities. To cope, the country has several alternatives such as set up power plants, excavation of a groundwater or monitoring or measuring water quality. All these options, which have the same aim: to provide fresh water, present advantages but also inconveniences. In one hand, the reserve of groundwater may be out of stock due to the growth of population and the insufficiency of water. However, on other hand, the installment of tidal power plants can be a surprisingly costly project. The best solution seems to implement protocol against pollution of fresh water, as it’s effective, practical, and not an expensive way. REFERENCES: 1. The Water Project.(2012).Water In Crisis – Spotlight South Africa.[online] Available at: < http://thewaterproject.org/water-in-crisis-south-africa.php> [Accessed 24 November 2012]. 2. Waterwise.(2012).Water Wise – Causes of Water Pollution. [online] Available at: [Accessed 20 November 2012]. 3. gwd. (2012). Ground water division of GSSA. [Online] Available at: < http://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/153332/UMCCC_Groundwater_Factsheet.pdf> . [Accessed 23 November 2012]. 4. Bellis.M. How Tidal Power Plants Work. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 November 2012]. 5. Woodford.A and Rosewarne.P. (2012). HOW MUCH GROUNDWATER DOES SOUTH AFRICA HAVE?. [Online] Available at: < http://www.anthonyturton.com/admin/my_ documents/my_files/SRK_Woodfood_How_much_Groundwater_does_SA_have.pdf > [Accessed 16 November 2012]. 6. Polyzou.E. Willigness to pay for drinking water quality improvement and the the influence of social capitall. [Online] Available at: < http://www.liv.ac.uk/libraby/e-books.htlm > [Accessed 12 November 2012]. 7. Elimelech.M.(2005). The global challenge for adequate and safe water. [Online] Available at: < [Accessed 10 November 2012]. 8. Carr,G. and Neary.J (2008).water quality for ecosystem and human health. [Online] Available at: < http://www.unep.org/gemswater/Portals/24154/publications/pdfs/water_quality_human_health.pdf > [Accessed 18 November 2012]. 9. Groundwater.org.what is the groundwater?. [Online] Available at: < http://www.groundwater.org/kc/whatis.html> [Accessed 17 November 2012]. 10. Dwa.gov. Background of the NORAD Assisted Programme on the Sustainable Development of Groundwater Sources under the Community Water and Sanitation Programme in South Africa. [Online] Available at: < http://www.dwa.gov.za/Groundwater/norad.aspx> [Accessed 17 November 2012].

Discuss The Characters Of Marco And Rodolfo Essay

From the moment they enter the play, the formal and grateful character of Marco contrasts greatly to the more ostentatious and vivacious character of Rodolfo. This is evident to the audience through our initial understanding of them – Marco is respectful, honest and a responsible gentleman, which can be observed through his family ambitions and his gratitude shown towards the Carbone family. Conversely his brother is a raconteur who has more casual ambitions in life. Although he wins the heart of Catherine and the friendship of Beatrice, he clearly does not abide to Eddie’s ‘male code of honour’, and Eddie’s incestuous dreams with Catherine results in deep jealousy of the relationship that she has with Rodolfo. The audience interpret Marco’s formal, respectful character from the initial scene where Marco enters the household. He shows his gratitude towards the Carbone family in numerous ways, which is obvious through the repetition of ‘Thank you’. His sharp, but polite tone illustrates his formality and ‘machismo’ character, similar to that of Eddie’s. Additionally it is clear that he is a responsible and honest gentleman; his ambitions and priorities are obtainable and family orientated. He says:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe older one is sick in his chest.’ My wife – she feeds them from her own mouth. I tell you the truth, if I stay there they will never grow up. They eat the sunshine’. Not only does this show that he is honest and that he works hard for his family, it additionally depicts the harsh reality of his situation back in Italy, and as a result this creates sympathy from Eddie, Beatrice and the audience. Furthermore this sympathy and fondness of Marco expands when the salary that he can obtain for this family dumfounds him. He says:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœMy wife – My wife – I want to send right away maybe twenty dollars – Eduardo†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Without showing too much emotion, whilst following Eddie’s ‘male code of honour’, he expresses his gratitude towards Eddie, which is evident where the playwright informs us ‘his eyes are showing tears’. Marco is clearly ecstatic by this opportunity to make his family happy and this earns him his respect, particularly from Eddie, who has strong feelings about maintaining a satisfied family. Contradicting to the sharp and polite character of Marco, Rodolfo is more flamboyant and a raconteur. Whereas Marco is more sharp and ‘machismo’, Rodolfo is more vivacious and talkative, which is evident where he says:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Oh, sure! It’s a feature in our town. The horses in our town are skinnier than the goats. So if there are too many passengers we help to push the carriages up to the hotel. In our town the horses are only for show’  He not only answers the questions proposed by Beatrice, but he expands on it in depth, informing the audience that he is chatty and speaks in a more casual tone. Furthermore the repetition of ‘he laughs’ by Miller sums up Rodolfo’s personality – happy and confident. Additionally he is not ashamed to express his true feelings, which seems obvious to us when he responds to Eddie’s description of economic opportunities in America. He says: ‘How much? We hear of all kinds of figures. How much can we make? We work hard, we’ll work all day, all night – ‘  Marco shows that he is desperate to make money, and he is almost dumfounded by the mention of money itself. He is evidently not afraid to express his emotions; he almost shamelessly begs to work. This does not depict Eddie’s ‘male code of honour’ and therefore Eddie does not show respect towards him, shown by the playwright when ‘he is coming more and more to address Marco only’. Eddie chooses not to respond to Rodolfo’s comments because Rodolfo is ostentatious, which by Eddie’s standards does not make him ‘machismo’. As a result, Eddie responds only to Marco, who he genuinely respects as a result of his formality and gratitude.

Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epidemiology - Essay Example The most important objective is to make assessment about the injury incidence among Sri Lankan flight attendants and to depict the elements of onboard injuries (Agampodi, Dharmaratne and Agampodi, 2009, p. 1-2). The purpose of a good analytical technique is to be able to enumerate precisely each of the unidentified quantities that the laboratory will have to settle on (Maumy, Boulanger, Dewe, Gilbert and Govaerts, 2005). Assessing the occurrence of onboard injury requires the stipulation of the injuries of Sri Lankan flight attendants. One policy is to use measures, which take into consideration the quantitative nature of the onboard injury (Quantifying disease in populations, n.d.). The purpose of this assessment is to apply epidemiological concepts to critically review this given article. A vivid cross-sectional study was executed among Sri Lankan flight attendants. All flight attendants experiencing their annual physical condition and first aid preparation were encouraged to participate. Flight attendants who flew incessantly for a six-month phase prior to data compilation were incorporated in the study sample. Flight attendants experiencing preliminary training before their primary flight (novel recruits) and flight attendants who had not flown for 6 months (such as following childbirth) were kept out from the study (Agampodi, Dharmaratne and Agampodi, 2009, p. 2). The sample was not derived from a proper random sampling. It comprised of batches of flight attendants employed in the identical time period in dissimilar years. Diversities in training procedures could influence the result of the current study. Another restriction was recall bias. Accounting of injury is reliant on recollect, which count on individual traits, rigorousness of injuries and impact of the i njury on the individual (Agampodi, Dharmaratne and Agampodi, 2009, p. 4). Epidemiology is the study of how frequently ailments take place in

Negotiating employees welfares in a work place Research Paper

Negotiating employees welfares in a work place - Research Paper Example This project topic is focused on Negotiating on behalf of employees of an organization with its Executive Management on the employees’ welfares and conditions of services in the organization. This negotiation is based on a win/win situation where both the management and employees are pursuing a mutual interest of moving the organization to a greater height. Other interest groups in this negotiation are Company Board of Directors, Labor Union, Company employees, Customers and Vendors to the Company. Negotiation is the basic art of bargaining pursuing a mutual beneficial interest among interest groups such as Company Board of Directors, Labor Union, Company employees, Customers and Vendors to the Company. On daily basis everyone negotiates one thing or another. On a private level, individuals bargain with friends, car sellers, landlords, family and managers, among others interest groups. Negotiation formulates a vital segment of the competitive nature of the contemporary life of our social and economic dynamic. Negotiation makes a dynamic process among codependent and self-interested groups with different upbringings, which targets to influence a decision that contents preferences and limitations of the available groups (Defense, 2015). This paper discusses on the real-world, holistic overview of the skills strategies that can be employed and applied to successful negotiations on behalf of employees of an organization, with its Executive Management on the employees’ welfa res and conditions of services in the organization. Negotiations on behalf of employees of a particular organization are core attributes to organization success. There are no organizations that can survive without profitable conventions. Within an organization, negotiation skills can steer to career promotion among the officials involved. There are many stages and strategies of negotiation such as planning, negotiating, creating a contract and performing the contract. Each

Organizational Leadership and Community Engagement Thesis Proposal

Organizational Leadership and Community Engagement - Thesis Proposal Example According to Lamb and McKee (2004), this idea distinct leadership from authority organizational leadership is not about an individual affair. The concept of organizational leadership defines the features of self organizations in groups, their behaviors, and agreements on ways to handle their affairs effectively. The conflict that affects organizational leadership is the rationale of the owners of organizations not wanting to leave the fate of their investments to the concept of self organization. These owners will always tend to put an authority over the naturally self directing leadership to have control over it. Many people would take the senior authority in an organization to be leadership which is not true; it is a mere command that validates what the seniors have to say over their juniors in the functions of an organization On the other hand, community engagement defines involvement of individuals or groups in organizational functions either temporarily or permanent with the aim of benefiting the community. This activity enables an organization help progress a community from certain stagnancy (Cavaye, 2001). Community engagement has come to be as a result of the idea of community benefit which gives that for any ideal to be workable in the society then it must benefit the community it operates in one way or the other (Chatter for Community Engagement, 2001). According to Lloyd (2009) community engagement concerns a sincere built relationship with the society for its sake rather than so to profit making. It has some main aspects such as resource development, establishment of friendships, impact planning towards the community, the welfare of the organization, programs the resources shared among others which are mainly meant for the benefit of the community (Gottlieb & Hildy, 2007). 1.2 Background Study The purpose of concept of organizational leadership and community engagement is to promote the ideals of the concerned organization and benefiting the community in which it operates at the same time. (George, 2000). Considering the relationships in water management in Victoria Australia we make a study of one major case. There have been many programs for water

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 21

Assignment Example Presently, theoretical, normative, and political challenges movements have enhanced human rights. People from different walks of life usually view human rights activism as individualistic ideologies and sometimes as simply liberal commitments of the movement itself. However, the existence and application of law seems to have sunk among societal values as they widely accept the provisions within the law. Sections of the people who do not accept the provisions of the law have no choice but to subscribe to what it dictates as it is the only way put of coexistence between the government and its citizens. Interestingly, all kinds of religions see value in the provisions of the rule of law, unlike rights which they view as being driven by individual pursuits. Perhaps it may be argued that the challenges facing the prosperity of human rights and the acknowledgment of rights itself are as a result of the laxity of the rule of law towards protection of human rights. In fact, by virtue of individuals accepting and upholding the law alone creates a platform for which human rights activism can flourish. Generally, laws need to be reasonable and acceptable to a greater part of the populace; not necessarily meaning that they are good laws but that they are normatively justifiable. Most legal systems including the Canadian system center on physical integrity rights or those that are easy to examine yet the relationship between the rule of law and human rights present a more difficult phenomenon to understand and explain, for instance, rights of smaller groups in the society. This strong link between law and rights id depicted in Canada’s Constitution Act of 1982 part 1 which guarantees the rights and freedoms of the people of Canada. The c hapter â€Å"Canadian Chapter of Rights and Freedoms† provides for certain rights and freedoms as long as they are subject to the provisions and limits of