Assignment # 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 7 - Essay Example form _or_ system of government makers only consider less number of options when tackling problems. The selected policy options only differ marginally with the existing policies. For from each one option, just the most significant consequences argon considered. There is no best policy assessment an glorious policy is one that all participants consent on kind of than what is most excellent to solve a crisis. Incremental policy advocates for making corrections it centers on small modification to already existing policies rather than remarkable fundamental modifications. In this model, policy-making is also sequential you have to keep solving problems as mistakes become obvious and are rectified. Fresh approaches to the problems are developed. In this model urgency and importance are the barriers. Since the model advocates for small parts solving of problems, some problems may have serious consequences and need fast solutions. Additionally, some problems may be new and of high risk which need new policies. The mending of already existing polices may not solve the problems. With the analysis of problems before implementing or creation of policies should be advocated so as significant policy change to occur.The Steams theory applies the consideration of three example applications of streams, i.e. politics, policies and problems. However, the streams have drawbacks which blank out effective policy making. First, the independence of the streams is questioned. The streams are said not to be independent which makes them manipulated easily. People escape to embrace solutions that they have a belief that it will solve their problem. They do not identify solutions because that solves a particular issue. Politically, in governments, regardless problems have been solved or not, problems still arise. The streams only come in concert when solutions and problems are attached and presented to political audiences. The other barrier is that the s treams need a proper entrepreneurial kitchen-gardening

Financial Accounting Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Financial Accounting Concepts - Essay ExampleThe advantages is that the more come to managers are involved, the better the chances are of the figure being very much realistic in approach. These budgets are generally made at all levels but individually, rather than collectively. For instance, a salesman keeps a self compel budget of, e.g. 5 units to be sold in a day.Base Year Budget It is the typeface of budgeting in which the previous socio-economic class or any year for that matter is considered a standard, against which the expected (/wanted) carrying into action is added to have a forecasted budget for the coming term. For example, considering 2006 as a base year, with all revenues and expenses expected to mount up by 10% the said percentage is multiplied across the board to attain the coming year budget or forecast.Zero Based Budget It is a derived form of the base year budget in which no base year is considered and the concerned manager is expected to justify each and b oth expense that he/she has stated in the forecast/budget. These are difficult to make, require extensive efforts and information gathering, since there is no base, the budget has to be prepared fro scratch.The users of budgets use these for different purposes e.g. accountants use the information to offend with variance for future better forecast, the heads check the contribution and performance of individual employees, the management checks the department working and profitability, while the owners view the over all big picture to visualize individual contributions and achievements.

Article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article summary - Essay ExampleThis quote this instant fits in with the overall theme of how people, for example in China, seek to step aside from having conversations directly when it comes to the backchat of sexual issues in nature.One of the reasons in many ways can be seen as a lack of communication between parents and children on this issue. There is a very strong cultural/ club influence on how such issues are looked at and talked about. Towards the middle of the name, Ford mentions the level that China had stepped towards adopting a more Western approach to how they go about doing things. A fear among some parents that if the children were to have acquaintance about sexual issues, that would enable them to take part in the issue. Making light of the ratings system that the unite States has, Ford addresses the Chinese approach to having one. Yin Hong, a deputy head of Tsinghua Universitys Journalism School is quoted in the clause when he says, The time is not ripe for Chin a to institute a ratings system, says Yin Hong, a film connoisseur and deputy head of Tsinghua Universitys Journalism School, (Ford, 2/2/07).Many of the points which Peter Ford mentions in his article are very important to understanding the bigger story.

You have been appointed as a Marketing Consultant. In this role you Assignment

You claim been appointed as a Marketing Consultant. In this role you are required to prepare a three-year marketing plan for Bonobos in the U.K market - Assignment ExampleBut according to Dunn there was a gap for the fashion companies which took inputs but created something which a consumer can never do on its own. Thus the company to fill this gap established community driven platform where the customers through companionable media, purchase doings and commentary would affect the offerings frantice by the company. Eventually the companys goal evolved from merely firmness men pant problem to solving men shopping problem. Bonobos.com also provides access to products which are mad locally but lacked an optimal distribution and promotions these items were termed as Stuff which included belts, shoes and accessories.Bonobos used social media sites to promote its products which proved to a success for the company. These communities enabled Bonobos to markets its products and sell the m without investing any dollar in traditional form of promotional techniques. Bonobos used Twitter, Facebook and the companys blog to promote and gather inputs from the customers.In the initial year of its business the company earned net revenue of $1.6million selling almost 30,000 pairs of pants. By 2009, Bonobos introduced trousers at a low price and Dunn expected the company to finish between $3.5millions to $4.5millions (Kinsey, 2009).Internal Environment refers to the knowledgeable factors of a business which are generally controlled by the business itself. It refers to the surroundings that exists within the organisation. The internal environment includes objectives of the organisation, its managerial policies, different departments of the company, the employees and the management of the organisation, brand image as well as corporate image, consanguinity between labour and management, physical resources which includes infrastructure, vision of the top level management, res earch and development of the organisation, and the working conditions of the organisation. world resource an important component of the internal environment is largely

Competitive brand management plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Competitive tick management plan - Assignment ExampleThe chump energizing at this occasion will allow the Co effective levelheaded stag to build industrial-strength relationship with the consumers by helping them to form New Years resolution regarding healthy alimentation and lifestyle. This will also make it easy for the Co operative healthy carry to develop deal associations in the mind of the customers between healthy eating and the Co operative healthy brand. Background short letter There has been drastic amplification in the boilersuit obesity rate all over the globe. In the region of UK around quarter of the adult population are classified as obese (NHS, 2012). This in turn has increased the health concerns among the people. The consumers are change overing towards healthier lifestyle and are giving discernment to the healthy and balanced food items as sh take in the image below (Kimmell, 2009) There has been growing shift in the overall consumer purchase behaviour as consumers are giving preference to the foods and drinks which are providing more than health benefits as shown in the image below (Datamonitor, 2009) This increasing preference for the healthy food items has provided fortune to the health retailers and supermarkets to provide the customers with different health foods. This in turn has given rise to different own health brands. Co operative food healthy brand is also competing in this category and is difficult to increase the market penetration and improve the overall brand image. Brand Positioning Brand fix is used in order to present and describe the competitive advantage of a particular brand against other competitors in the industry. This means that brand positioning presents how the brand will compete with the competitors in rough-and-ready and efficient manner. It is important to keep in consideration different elements and factors in order to come up with effective and long lasting brand positioning (Kapferer, 2008). G oals and Objectives The goal of the co operative healthy brand is to become the most preferred healthy brand in the region by increasing overall awareness of its healthy products and encouraging the consumers to shift towards healthy life style and eating. For achieving this goal certain brand objectives have to be fulfilled, which are as follow The co operative healthy brand should increase the interaction with consumers in order to improve the overall brand awareness and image The co operative healthy brand should provide customers with more value and benefits The co operative food have to provide more promotion and shelf space to its own healthy brands The co operative food healthy brand should improve the overall brand experience of the customers Brand Inventory It is important for the brand to entertain and manage attractive and easy to access brand inventory in order to increase the brand interaction and awareness. The brand inventory can include brand colour, the logo, tag l ine, and even the physical posture (Keller, 2008). The Co operative food and healthy brand use green and other fresh colours

Occupy Wall Street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Occupy surround Street - judge ExampleThe strict actions should be taken by the government and other legal bodies to eradicate them from the park completely. The differers accuse many on Wall Street of unethical and criminal practices. They blame the banking industry for cause the Great Recession, beggaring the American middle class and many senior citizens to the extent that trillions in the assets of Americans in every(prenominal) sector of our society have been lost (Koch par. 2).To demonstrate an example, a private business has developed some(prenominal) and is much tired of the attack, rapes, public defecations and other illegal activity on their possessions, and request for trespassers to be expelled. non anything concerning this actuality reminds the First Amendment. The people here totally behave in a messy and a disorganised way by making the places totally unhygienic and polluted. The people at Occupy WallStreet argon non menacing anyone excluding the politicians w ho have determined to app arent them out and defy their right to free speech, passive assembly, and appeal. To land another one example of attempt rape, the rape cases where reported in the parks by the Wall Street Protestants to the ladies who were for a recreation day out.At the beginning on the protesters was frequently youthful, partially as social networks throughout which they encourage the protests are also taken up by the young hands. As the protest grows, elder protesters also grow to be concerned. The normal age group of the activist was 33, with citizens in their 20s evenhanded by citizens in their 40 age group. Diverse spiritual faith has been representing at the protest together with Muslims, Jews, and Christians. The enormous mass of the protesters, considered the logic the unfairness to the all who are concerned. Along with those protester groups are revolutionary who are beside any government, some of whom are looking to connect in violence with the cops others are essentials

Bagdad Caf Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Bagdad Caf Film Analysis - Essay Example get-go it addresses the issue that we should never judge simply by the appearance as there is a serving behind what appearances show. Initi everyy Brenda dismisses Jasmin by just how she appears which is shown in her state ment about her I mean, she shows up outta nowhere without a car, without a map. She aint got nothing but a suitcase filled with mens clothing. How come? ....No I dont like it. Brenda is quick to dismiss Jasmin but after she plays a vital role in transforming the caf to a destination from the backwater it used to be. In a cede we expect harshness and a hard life but Jasmin transforms this through her support, friendship, love and trust to all around her.The desert setting also shows that we should accept people as they are. Jasmine arrives in the middle of nowhere where she meets a small community and she accepts them as they are and she spends time just sitting with them, familiarizing with them and last sharing their hop es and dreams with them. This understanding and acceptance transforms the entire caf and the community as a whole. The process of transformation is two-party and the desert setting is a perfect way to depict this. Jasmin finds herself in a trying adjust trying to adjust to life in a seemingly empty and new place. Brenda on the new(prenominal) hand is facing a similar situation having been left by her husband. Apparently they appear to be very different but in essence they have much in common as each is seeking for a change in the middle of nowhere.

Mathematical Logics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mathematical Logics - Essay ExampleIt does not only promote straight-laced reasoning but it also enhances a proper use of common sense.The tot up of numbers uncommitted for Andy are Belles 3+4+7=14 or Carols 4+6+8=18 or the sum on my peckers=?Let the sum of Andys cards be A, Sum of Belles cards is B and some of Carols cards be C and the sum of my cards is M. So M=B or M=C. This is because we are told that there are at least two card sums which are equal. The sum of Carols cards and Belles cards are not equal(B C).This means that the sum of my cards is either equal to Carols or Belle.This reasoning is derived from the point that Andy admitted that there are two people with an equal sum of cards.The union of odd numbers is 1,3,5,7 and 9.Also, Belle admits that he can see all the five odd numbers, what does this imply? Firstly Belle cannot see 3 and 7 since he is the one takeing these subsets. Secondly, it means that the odd numbers Belle sees are 1, 5 and 9.It is unmistakable t hat Andy possesses the card with 1 on it. Who has 9 and 5? Since there is no one else in the game, it is obvious that I possess cards with 9 and 5.From above, the sum of my cards so far is 9+5=14.I still commit another card to add to this which means the sum of my cards can never be 14.That is M14.Therefore it is obvious that the sum of my cards is 18 since it is the only remaining (M=18).14+X=M=18.X=18-14=4.This means my third card is 4.Therefore my cards are 9, 5 and 4.In conclusion from the above calculations and reasoning, it is evident beyond reasonable interrogative sentence that I have a 4, a 9 and a five. These answers have arrived after a besotted process of extensive logical reasoning and application of a little bit of Boolean algebra. The event that there were three sets of cards visible to Andy, that is mine, Carol and Belle enable me to come down to the situation that the literal cards available to Andy are two sets.

Students-Teachers Friendship on Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Students-Teachers Friendship on compositors case tidings - quiz ExampleIt is worth noning that nowadays teens are making peers with everyone whom they take care in plaque book or whoever requests them to be shoplifters without being cautious of the possible harmful implications of such experience. Teachers are adults charged with the responsibility of point vernal minds towards success in life. They act as role models to their students and whenever they decide to send them a friend request they are most likely to accept. On the other hand, students are most likely to find a instructors profile in the process of surfing and send a friend request. However, as adults instructors should give some ethical consideration due to some superfluous reasons. A shocking discovery from schools that allow access to face book in schools indicates that about 60-70% of teenagers to a lower place the age of fifteen years have access to adult social net influences including their instruct ors. These children are too young to access these sites bearing in mind the nature of content that is normally posted. This paper will localize on the main reasons as to why teachers should avoid being friends with students in face book. Body concealment When teachers and students become friends, their privacy is compromised. This is because students will access teachers private information and content that is not fit for their consumption. Therefore, learn and learning becomes a difficult venture as respect is compromised. Harassment If the relationship between the teacher and the student is not steady-going, face book can act as a good shew for harassment and this applies for both students and teachers. Socialization through face book platform can create good environment for teachers and especially male teachers to harass female students sexually for example requesting sexual relationships and this often deteriorates household performance Intimidation Some students might see a teachers face book friendship intimidating .As a result they may become hesitant to accept their request for friendship mainly because they would not like their teachers to be privy to their conversations with their peers. At the same time they may panic saying no to a teachers friend request for fear that they will break dance the teacher and negatively affect the teachers treatment of them Age appropriation Since teachers are adults, there may be postings from friends on their face book page regarding their adulthood status that does not concern students, the content in this case would be inappropriate for their students to read or review because it is deemed to compromise teachers privacy. Expectations Face book friendship between teachers and students changes the expectations of both parties .A learner who is a friend to teacher on face book will expect to be treated in a special way from the stick around by the friend teacher. The teacher may also expect a student to post what regards to segmentation work in their face book walls which would have otherwise be reserved to row work this changes the expectations of everyone thus leading to a misunderstanding Prejudice As much as teachers try not to allow outside knowledge affect their treatment of students, technology will still have subliminal effect. A friendship between students and teachers on face book may compel a teacher to view a student in a whole different way in class than it was before. This creates an environment where students will fully be understood hence meaningful academic performance. Todays situation where teachers are friends with students on face book is undisputable fact that requires urgent solution. If a teacher hasnt given this situation some consideration then it is the right time to do so. The simplest soundness is to make a personal guiding

Airports and ground handling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Airports and ground handling - Essay Examplete a close coaction between the top counseling of air transportation system including airline managers, handling agents, government agencies, as well as specialist agencies and the airport operators.The airport operators vary significantly in relation to the ownership, management structure, funding and degree of autonomy, thus making the manner with which one airport is managed to be significantly unlike from the other. Nevertheless, each airport operator is faced with challenging tasks of coordinating all services to enable the economical functionality of the airport system. Each airport operator has a unique responsibility, but all assume the boilers suit responsibility for control and coordination of the operations of the airport. In an attempt to understand the nature of work of the airport operations and the management system of the airports, this paper will analyze almost of the futurity challenges operators are faced with, as w ell as analyze some of the consequences of these challenges. The paper will also provide an analysis of some of the mitigation measures that can be employed by the airport operators in the event of the potential future challenges.Airport operators are charged with the responsibility of ensuring the galoshty of passengers and freight through the development of a safe airport environment. However, in some instances, there have been reported incidences when terrorist have managed to evade the security checks and measures in some of the modern and technologically sophisticated airports and managed to spill terror to the airline passengers and crew. An example of the June 8th 2014 terrorist beleaguer on Jinnah international airport, Pakistan, resulting to the death of 36 people is an indication of the sophistication of terrorist attack on airports. up-to-date terrorist attacks on airports are indications that terrorism in the 21st century has revolutionized and points to the developme nt of more sophisticated methods that could be used by

Management and Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Management and Organisational Behaviour - Essay ExampleManagement is essentially an act of fulfillment of objectives by dint of people, and efficient management implies getting the maximum output from the people. Therefore, a good omnibus must get on teamwork and enhance team spirit by meeting the needs of both the individual and the team. This paper focuses on various theories of management and demonstrates their application with the help of a case study. Roles of a Manager case of Oliver A business organization is a complex body that requires efficient and skilful management for proper running. A double-decker has multiple becomes and responsibilities. Based on this theory, Henry Mintzberg identified ten essential managerial roles that argon required for the fulfillment of the companys objectives. The ten managerial roles are 1) forepart, 2) Leader, 3) Liaison, 4) Monitor, 5) Disseminator, 6) Spokesperson, 7) Entrepreneur, 8) Disturbance-handler, 9) Resource-allocator, and 10) Negotiator (Watson & Gallagher, 2005, p.34). He has merely categorized them in three conferences as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur Leader Disseminator Disturbance-handler Liaison Spokesperson Resource-allocator Negotiator (Lussier & Achua, 2009, p.10) The interpersonal roles define the authoritativeness of the manager and involve maintenance of a positive relationship with the employees. In figurehead role, the manager performs symbolical or ceremonial duties that toilette be of either social or legal nature. For instance, he needs to do social functions kindred attending to candidates for jobs, presenting awards, entertaining clients, receiving official visitors, and attending farewell dinners. As legal function he has the authority to sign official papers like cheques, vouchers and contracts. In leader role, a manager supervises and evaluates the performances of employees, hires new employe es and provides them training. In liaison role, he maintains contact with people outside the organization to form a network of services. The second group which is studyal roles involves a major part of managerial functions which is to gather and convey information from the employees. In monitor role, the manager needs to gather information regarding problems and solutions of the organization. This can be done by reading journals, magazines, newspapers or by attending meetings inside or outside the organization or by observing and comparing the business activities of the competitors. In disseminator role, the manager receives information from internal sources like higher(prenominal) level of management or from external sources. He in turn transmits the information to the employees through group meetings or emails. In spokesperson role, the manager provides information about the organization to outside people like consumer groups, press, TV and government officials and any other comm unities who have vested interest in the organization. The third group which is decisional roles involves sound judgement of various possibilities before making strategies for the benefit of the organization. Such decisions may affect few employees or can affect the entire organization. In entrepreneur role, a manager develops ideas for new projects, makes decisions to abandon any project, develops groundbreaking ideas and new products. In disturbance-handler role, a manager finds means to resolve external or internal

Rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

capital of Italy - Essay ExamplePlagues and floods took their toll. More crucially, the aqueducts which had formed the rear of the efficient and complex water supply system that served most of Rome fell into disrepair after uncouth raids, leading to the population shrinking towards the river Tiber and around the Campus Martius, and falling to less than 50,000 people. Into this situation the popes of Rome stepped in, creating a durable network of performes and ecclesiastical institutions in order to govern the city. The city was thus introduced to Christianity and soon laid claims to be the most important Christian spiritual center.But the Church was not alone in absent to govern Rome. By 552CE, Rome came to be occupied by the baffling empire, and thus began a date of interest between the church and the knotty regime that was to last for the next few centuries. Under the mired rule, trade, commerce and administration deteriorated, and Rome became a shadow of its former self. The Byzantine emperor Constans II visited Rome in 663 CE, only to strip the city of all its metal from buildings and statues in order to make armaments.The Byzantine city of Constantinople soon emerged to usurp all the commercial successes of Rome, and its former play in trade in Europe and Asia. With the decimation of the aristocratic class of Rome, a huge market of well-endowed goods eventually disappeared taking remote prosperity from the common people of Rome, m any(prenominal) of whom had found jobs in the trade or manufacture of extravagance items.A lot of the famous Roman skills in artisanship also disappeared due this lack of market. More and much people began leaving Rome. Trade in Rome also suffered due to insecure road and naval travel at the mercy of Germanic and barbarian tribes in what was left of the mighty Roman empire. later on Pope Gregory I took over in the 6th century and began to exert to a greater extent influence than the Byzantine imperial exarchs, the populace of Rome got divided into the clergy, nobility, soldiers, and the lowest class, thus introducing a sphere of Christian influence in socio-political scenario in Rome. But the Church and its members that wanted to govern Rome along with the Byzantian empire were more interested in self-aggrandizement than in the benefit of the city itself, having become too used to the luxurious ways of the erstwhile Roman elite. Even before the fall of Rome, the popes had concentrated their energies in developing their make domain at the eastern edge of the city far away from other Roman habitations, called the Lateran. It is to Lateran that the church limited most of its activities in Rome largely ignoring the disrepair to which the city gradually fell. The pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Peter, where the saints beatified remains were supposed to have been interred, became a sort of commercial activity around which a suburban area developed after a fashion, but even the visiting pilgrims who came to pay their homage failed to make any difference to the state of Rome and its gradual decline.Even after the suzerainty of Rome to the Byzantine empire was formally over in the 800CE with the crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope king of beasts III, the papacy was not able to consolidate its hold over the city, and the Arabs sacked

Review Righteous Dopefiend by Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg Essay

Review clear Dopefiend by Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg - Essay Examplehomeless who be always hustling for the drugs over food and shelter and assess the way in which this segment of edict functions to create their own culture and system, specifically with the desire to confirm more heroin avail adapted for their use.through and throughout the book, the roots relay different segments of the homeless creation to show the different functions and roles that argon a part of the community. Different stories are told about the heroin users and how they flow to create an aspect of society that is based on using illegal drugs. This is followed by ethnographic figures that replete place through a series of photographs to show the lifestyle and conditions of the individuals that are a part of the community. Through the documents that were taken, was the ability to capture a space in society that is often regarded as morally falsely and which doesnt account for the social truth and realities that the righteous dopefiends carry in culture.The main crinkle that the author present is to represent the homeless and the righteous dopefiends in a different light. The authors take in the beginning that the observations taken from the homeless are not regarded as one that is morally objective. Instead, the photographs and stories are an anthropological representation of culture and society. It is the authors desire to create a different viewpoint of the homeless that are addicted to heroin, not from a righteous or morally fit viewpoint, such as society views. Instead, the book is based on observing how the culture and society of homeless addicts functions. The book remains indifferent and is not objective in observations and instead shows how the individuals survive and what they regard as important in their lives. The author combines this with evaluations from the segments of society, such as the difference between the younger addicts and the older generations . The main thesis that the authors are able to provide through these

Managing Legal Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Legal Relationship - search ExampleThis issue had not been addressed by SBL management even after the issue was increase by the staff and this had demoralised the staff.Tony, a four year old child who almost chocked to conclusion on what appeared to be piece of string which had somehow been baked in a loaf and was contained in a slice of scribble given to him by his mother. The mother has right of bring a theatrical role against SBL concerning the choking of her son.Cherie (Tonys Mother) quarter also bring a part against SBL for she had experienced trauma after she axiom her son Tony being chocked by a string in the slices of cabbage she had given him. This lead he to being prescribed tranquilisers as she could not cope with as did before her son was choked.Annie, a gross revenue lady who was selling SBL products from a van, door to door can also bring claims against SBL for falling to unblock her as she wanted to leave the company. She wanted to witch so that she can start selling Barrowmills bread but she would not be released by SBL unless she paid them compensation for the remaining four months of her contract.The customer can also bring claims against SBL since they were selling inferior products. The customers had started complaining that the quality of bread was deteriorating and that they were selling inferior products.On the case where Stoneygro... The customer can also bring claims against SBL since they were selling inferior products. The customers had started complaining that the quality of bread was deteriorating and that they were selling inferior products. Chapter Two Discussion Question Two Legal Rules governing the above answerive Action On the case where Stoneyground Bakeries Ltd (SBL) is bring an action against Tyre Heaven for selling to them cheap merchandise tyres that cause injuries to the companys driver a week after they were fitted. The Van driver crushed into a wall after the tyres tread came off causing him to s uffer injuries. This was a clear indication that the tyres were of very economic crisis standards hence Tyre Heaven were liable for the injuries caused to the SBL van together with the driver since the van crushed as a result of tread coming of the tyre. When SBL bought the tyres from Tyre Heaven there was an implied condition. A condition is normally a term of greater importance going to the root of the contract. A buyer may drop by the wayside the condition or may elect to call the breach of such condition as a breach of warranty, and consequently claim damages instead of repudiating the contract all together. The buyer is bound to treat the breach of condition as a breach of warranty where the contract is not severable and he has accepted the goods, or part thereof or where the contract is for the sale of specific goods, and the property in them has already passed to the buyer. The parties are, however free to contract themselves out of this rule by including a stipulation to that effect in which case the terms of the contract will not be affected by the provisions. For the case of sale of tyres by Tire Heaven, there was an implied condition as to merchantability. A

History of online Vidoe Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

History of online Vidoe Games - Essay Example1960s, extra computer games were developed for the public (frequently runnel on mainframe-computers), slowly rising in complexity and sophistication (Bellis, 2009) and (FreeBase, 2009). After this early games development period, icon games deviated into diverse platforms and verities like mainframe, arcade, personal computer, solace and later handheld games. Online gameshave been around for a while. They started come on years ago before the Internet on terminals, then everywhere modems and now on the Web. The volley of online free rein is due to the growing amount of people who have access to the Internet. Online games vary from basic textbook to 3d worlds that take on the ability to play other actual users who argon connected to the game. There are also many forums and social networking sites related to online gaming. In 1952, A.S. Douglas wrote his PhD degree at the University of Cambridge on Human-Computer int seasonction. Doug las created the first graphic computer game - a version of Tic-Tac-Toe. The game was programmed on an EDSAC vacuum-tube computer, which had a cathode ray tube demo (Bellis, 2009) and (Celia Pearce, 2007).At its most basic level, an online game is the term used to represent games that are played over some form of computer network (in most cases, this means the Internet). One of the reasons for the expansion and growth of online gaming sites is the expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the Internet and beyond. Online games can come in a issue forth of formats, ranging from simple text-based games to extremely complex games that include graphics and even virtual worlds. In regards to online gaming sites that allow you to win money, most sites require you to download their software. This is one of the distinguishing factors between TreasureOnNet.com and other similar gaming sites (Gupta, 2009).This era of video game history bears witness to the rise of the 32-bi t, 64-bit, and 128-bit processor architecture in home console

Tumour Immunotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tumour Immunotherapy - try on ExampleOne such treatment option is kn sustain as immunotherapy (also known as biologic therapy or biotherapy) in which the bodys immune mechanism is utilized to fight against crabmeat. Immunotherapy implicates progressive immunotherapy (cancer vaccines) and passive immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies). Active immunotherapy stimulates the bodys own immune dodge to fight the disease on the other hand passive immunotherapy utilizes immune system components (such as monoclonal antibodies) which have been created outside the body (Waldmann, 269).Active immunotherapy against cancer has been much less active against cancer in comparison to other infectious diseases. Even though vaccines (targeted against cancer antigens) for providing protection against conglomerate cancers, (especially cancer cervix) have been veritable, their force has yet not been significantly proven (Waldmann, 270). Besides the limited triumph with active immunization, there ma y be many challenges which may reduce the efficacy of active immunization. The check into of literature by Waldman (269-272) discusses some of these challenges and the ways to deal with them. One of the main challenges is identification of antigens on tumor tissue (neoplasm rejection antigens) which can produce rejection in the host by producing an elaborate T-cell response. Some of the tumour rejection antigens include tumour specific antigens, the results of mutations, viral antigens in cancers associated with viruses and tumour specific differentiation antigens (Waldmann, 269).One method of defining cancer associated antigens is to define antigens recognized by the tumour bearing host by identifying the go antibodies reared against tumour antigens in the host. Technique of serological identification by recombinant expression cloning called SEREX is used to identify circulating IgG that are specific to the tumour antigens. Screening cDNA libraries from tissues using tumour rea ctive T-cell lines and clones, followed by mass spectrophotometeric analysis is another approach that can be used (Waldmann, 269, 270).Other ways of improving the efficacy of active immunization include enhancement of the function of antigen presenting cells by inducing the maturation of dendridic cells using agents the like GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-, etc. Efforts have been made to enhance the function of T-cells. Certain cytokines have been introduced into the vaccine preparations in ramble to improve their efficacy. Assays of measuring vaccine efficacy by measuring their cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion etc have also been developed (Waldmann, 272). Challenges associated with passive immunotherapyInactivation of transferred anti-tumour T cells for immunotherapy by the hostile immunosuppressive microenvironment created by the tumour tissue has shortly limited the scope of passive immunotherapy. However in future there is a possibility to develop better and more effective immunotherapies by adopting inactivating mechanisms, which would protect anti-tumor T cells in the tumour microenvironment, thereby resulting in the destruction of the cancerous tissue. One such immunosupressive mechanism involves cAMP-elevating Gs-protein coupledA2 receptors. These receptors

Food Technology Essay Example for Free

Food Technology EssayLets remember 1The pigment stages of the technology mental process are designing, producing and evaluating. 2A design situation is a scenario, situation or context. It sets the scene for a designer. A design sketch is a statement that presents a task or problem to be solved as it relates to the design situation. 3It is important to analyse the design brief to ensure that the designer understands what is requisite of them and so that they can develop a criteria for success. 4It is essential to know the criteria for success before labor a design process so that a designer can refer back to these criteria during the design process and ensure that they are on track and making correct decisions. It is essential to know the constraints before undertaking a design run into so that a designer stays within the boundaries of the project, particularly in marchess of cost and schedule. 5Some methods of research and investigation that designers use whitethorn ov erwhelm inspiration boards, interviews, the Internet, surveys, experiments, observations, textbooks, encyclopaedias, magazines and TV programs.6Primary sources of study are original documents. Some examples of primary sources are interview responses, survey responses, observations or original documents. alternative sources of information are collected from existing documents and might take on textbooks, magazines, TV programs and Internet searches. 7Designers sometimes erect simple sketches of their fancys to ensure that they remember all of the details that they generated during the research and exploration stages. Their diagrams might be come with by labels that list materials, colours, size and other details.8Designers will usually come up with more than unitary option for the design antecedent to ensure that the most creative and innovative solution possible is found, sort of than just the first and most obvious idea. 9The best design option is selected by evaluating ea ch idea against the original brief, the criteria for success and any constraints. 10Evaluation is an important part of the technology process as it helps the designer to catch up with decisions about the design and the development of the solution. Evaluation also helps the designer to judge the success of the final result.11Food designers may evaluate their provender product solutions by performing a sensory evaluation with a plank of taste-testers. 1. 2 Factors influencing design Case study Red Lantern 1The two factors that Mark Jensen of Red Lantern considers important when legal opinion the success of a restaurant are limiting the restaurants impact on the surround and development complete and ethically sound produce. 2Some of the produce chosen for the menu at Red Lantern includes organic vegetables and herbs, line-caught fish, organic and warrant- domain poultry, free-range pork.3According to Mark, some benefits of victimization organic and free-range products include th at they are free from pesticides and taste better. 4Pesticides employ in farming contaminate the soil and the water table and are thusly harmful to the environment. 5Net fishing is a problem for marine ecology because of the amount of bycatch. Bycatch is a term given to the tonnes of marine animals caught in nets and killed every year. The bycatch is then discarded into the ocean because they are perceive to have no economic value.6Energy use is being reduced at Red Lantern by using sustainable technologies such as energy-efficient equipment and light globes. Water consumption is reduced by replacing everyday wok stations that rely on a constant flow of water with a new character reference of wok system which stops water from being lost d profess the drain. 7Waste is managed at Red Lantern by using particular(a)ly marked glass, plastic, cardboard and paper recycling bins. Vegetable waste is placed in compost bins. Lets remember.1The factors that may influence the development an d production of a solution to a brief include function, aesthetics, human form, scale, ergonomics, ethics, environmental issues, legislation, cost, sociocultural sensitivity, resource availability, physical and material properties and safety. 2Ergonomics relates to the human form. An ergonomic solution must be comfortable and safe to use without causing strain or injury to the user. 3The intelligence activity sustainable means renewable or maintainable. A sustainable resource can be kept up(p) at a certain level without causing damage to the environment.4Organic viandss are grown without the use of chemical substance fertilisers or pesticides. 1. 3 Innovation and emergent technologies Case study Molecular natural gastronomy 1Molecular gastronomy is a term used to describe the application of science and technology to cooking. 2Some methods used to change ingredients into new foods are drying, liquefying, gassing and freezing. 3Chefs of molecular gastronomy are successful in cre ating new food combinations and textures by first understanding the chemistry of food and flavour. 4Answers will vary.Lets remember 1Some advantages of having an Internet refrigerator are keeping track of what is stored in it, recording how long food has been in the fridge, having a built in video camera to circulate video memos, being able to watch television or listen to online music while cooking. 2Reasons for lay a computer in a refrigerator may include the kitchen is the source of action in many homes and is therefore a logical place for a computer the refrigerator is al ways blocked in and switched on so it makes sense to include a computer.3Nanotechnology is a new or emerging technology that refers to substances at the atomic and molecular level (that is, very, very small things). 4Nanotechnology will make the following(a) possible aIncrease the nutritional claims of particular foods by fortifying foods with hidden nutrients and vitamins. bIncrease the shelf-life of food b y creating an invisible, edible, nano-wrapper that will cover foods, preventing gas and moisture exchange. cReduce allergic reactions in individuals by blocking the ingredient that causes the allergy.dReduce diet related diseases by scheduling smart packaging to release extra nutrients to people with deficiencies. eReduce food spoilage by allowing the development of special smart packaging that releases nano-anti-microbes when it detects food spoilage. 1. 4 Design this Case study Urban Graze preparation School 1Tarrah Laidman and Joel Owen started Urban Graze cooking school in August 2006. 2Students experience a range of high-quality food experiences in a fun and relaxed environment during an Urban Graze cooking lesson.Students are taught with a hands-on approach and work towards making dishes for the end-of-class group meal, which is eaten together at the dining table. 3Ingredients are selected for a class by considering what is in season and what is available. Local produce is us ed where possible and Tarrah and Joel try to include new food trends in their ingredient selection. 4At Urban Graze, each class begins with a brief occupational health and safety talk and an orientation of the equipment and facilities. A description of the class is given with an overview of each recipe.Demonstrations are given to the whole class as well as individual attention. At the completion of the class, food is shared around the dining table. 5Tarrah and Joel try to always use locally sourced ingredients and equipment. They grow some of their own vegetables and herbs. Case study Veronica Cuskelly recipe designer 1Veronica Cuskelly had had many roles home economist, food consultant, recipe developer and cookbook author. 2The aggroup creating a recipe may include a client, recipe developer, nutritionist, food stylist and photographer.3A team approach refers to working together and sharing ideas. It requires clear and positive communication. It is important so that the recipe d eveloper has a good understanding of the various elements of the brief. 4The essential elements included in a brief to create a new recipe may include target market, specific produce to be used, maximum or minimum number of ingredients, steps or utensils to be used, preparation time allowed, cooking times, cost per serve, sprint in which the recipe is to be written and dietary requirements.5The reason for establishing clear and positive communication amidst the client and the recipe developer is to ensure that all essential information is given and any difficulties or problems that may arise can be resolved easily. 6At the beginning of a project, the type of pre-work that Veronica undertakes may include research and information forum, tasting food samples, looking at other similar recipes, speaking with a nutritionist and looking at current dietary guidelines.7Recipe progress is checked and evaluated in different ways submitting concepts to the client for approval developing the approved recipe testing three times taste-testing sessions modification as necessary and writing up the final, approved recipe. 8The essential components of a recipe that need to be well-tried and recorded are as follows ingredients, quantities, steps or methods used, temperatures, equipment, timings. Lets remember 1The three key areas of study in the Technology course are built environments, products, information and communications.2Ideas for a design project come from real-life situations. 3The steps for solving a design project are a. Design (design situation, design brief, analysis, research, ideas) b. produce c. Evaluate 4The success of a design project is decided by evaluating it against the design brief and the criteria for success. 5Ways of gathering information to help solve a brief may include conducting surveys, interviewing relevant people, reading books, magazines or articles on the Internet, conducting focus groups or taste-tests.

Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors EssayThe Tata group comprises oer 100 operating companies in seven business concern sectors communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. The group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents, and its companies export products and services to 85 countries. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was $100. 09 billion (around Rs475,721 crore) in 2011-12, with 58 percent of this coming from business outside India.Tata companies employ over 450,000 people worldwide. The Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 years for its adherence to strong values and business ethics. Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of these companies has its own board of directors and shargonholders, to whom it is answerable. There are 32 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they hire a combined market capitalisation of about $89. 53 billion (as on J une 6, 2013), and a shareholder base of 3. 8 million.The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Teleservices, Titan, Tata Communications and Indian Hotels. Tata Steel is among the top ten steelmakers, and Tata Motors is among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers, in the world. TCS is a jumper lead global software company, with delivery centres in the US, UK, Hungary, Brazil, Uruguay and China, besides India. Tata Global Beverages is the second-largest player in tea in the world.Tata Chemicals is the worlds second-largest manufacturer of soda ash and Tata Communications is one of the worlds largest in large quantities voice carriers. In tandem with the increasing international footprint of Tata companies, the Tata brand is also gaining international recognition. print Finance, a UK-based consultancy firm, valued the Tata brand at $18. 16 billion and ranked it 39th among the top euchre most valuable global brands in their BrandFinance Global 500 2013 report. In 2010, BusinessWeek magazine ranked Tata seventeenth among the 50 Most Innovative Companies list.Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, Tatas early years were inspired by the pith of nationalism. It pioneered several industries of national importance in India steel, power, hospitality and airlines. In more recent times, its pioneering spirit has been showcased by companies such as TCS, Indias first software company, and Tata Motors, which made Indias first indigenously developed car, the Indica, in 1998 and recently unveiled the worlds most affordable car, the Tata Nano. Tata companies have forever believed in returning wealth to the society they serve.Two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata promoter holding company, is held by philanthropic trusts that have created national institutions for science and technology, medical research, social studies and the performing arts. The trusts also pr ovide aid and assistance to non-government organisations running(a) in the areas of education, healthcare and livelihoods. Tata companies also extend social welfare activities to communities around their industrial units. The combined development-related outlay of the trusts and the companies amounts to around 3 percent of the groups net profits in 2011.Going forward, Tata is focusing on stark naked technologies and innovation to drive its business in India and internationally. The Nano car is one example, as is the Eka supercomputer (developed by another Tata company), which in 2008 was ranked the worlds fourth fastest. Anchored in India and wedded to traditional values and strong ethics, Tata companies are building multinational businesses that will achieve growth through excellence and innovation, while balancing the interests of shareholders, employees and civil society.

Cantonese opera Essay Example for Free

Cantonese opera Essay more or less foreign people know what Bejing opera is, but Chinese study opera has a wide history and 275 species of Chinese operas have been saved, there are a wide range of operas were not extended yet, Cantonese opera is very popular in the south of China, many Chinese people prefer Cantonese opera to capital of Red China Opera. The biggest difference between Beijing Opera and Cantonese Opera is spoken communication, the Beijing Opera use Mandarin, the Cantonese Opera use Cantonese.Cantonese opera is local opera in Han Dynasty is formerly known as drama or Guangdong opera from the Southern Opera. Cantonese opera began to appear in Guangdong, Guangxi from AD 1522 to 1566 (Ming Dynasty Jiajing) included blithering, read, hit musicians ,soundtrack, stage costumes, The abstract entity body performing arts. Each Cantonese opera role has its own unique costumes dress. The initial consummation language is Zhongyuan phonological, to a fault called matsh ed Mandarin. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the intellectuals changed the opera language to Guangzhou language in order to facilitate their revolution, also aimed to make Cantonese understand easier. Cantonese opera ranked into national intangible cultural heritage on may 20, 2006. The UNESCO add Cantonese opera in the human intangible cultural heritage list on family 30, 2009.Cantonese opera originated in the Chinese folk songs which called Qi folk songs, the earliest folk songs can be traced back to the Book of Songs from pre-Qin Dynasty, but this is the common origin of all Chinese opera, such as Beijing opera, Cantonese opera, class opera, Shanghai opera, Shaoxing opera, and Huangmei opera.The stage art style is impressionistic. The scenery is simple, the play provides situational by virtual performance program, or write captions on board like riverside, alpine instead of stage background. Performances who in the city called GD-HK learned drama, opera and movies to improved t heir performance and made theme reflect contemporary life. Later, people alternate falsetto into true voice in Cantonese opera. The men sing like relatively stable, low women sing like very delicate and mellow.As some Cantonese opera are very favorite in new media, these famous Cantonese opera has recomposed in movies, TV series, dramas, and music. For example, Princess Chang Ping Purple Hairpin Peony Pavilion , similitude worship the Moon, The Reincarnation of Hongmei mind Butterfly and Red Pear Hanada Baxi Xiangluo Otsuka Red Cherry broken meat A Dry White Begonia Red, A Dream of Red Mansions the Sanxiao marriage White Rabbit Guizhi murmur Dou E Yuan (also known as June Feishuang or June Snow ), also included the first national intangible cultural heritage Butterfly Lovers.

Biomes and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Biomes and Diversity quizExtinction is a natural selection process. Should humans strive to preserve a representative model of all biomes or aquatic zones? Why should humans be concerned with the extinction rate? In my own opinion No but as u read more about it close to things need to be preserved. For instance animals help the crops of the foods that we eat. Snakes help to cure different diseases. human being help the plants and animals to grow. The feature that human beings are a species means that they depend on many other species that exist in the world. If an animal becomes extinct, this can have a knock on effect to other species, and humans would of necessity be affected by the species becoming extinct. Humans also have a built in instinct to survive, as do other species of animals.It is not surprising, therefore, that humans feel the need to try and prevail the life span of some species, as they would probably feel that if it came to it, that something would try an d prolong the existence of humans. Humans should be concerned with the extinction rate, because the human population is growing and we need all the air, land, and animals to survive. There are humans that dont quite understand that we have to preserve our land because we will be extinct sooner than later due to our big population.

Different Ethnic Groups Essay Example for Free

Different Ethnic Groups EssayAfter going through and being asked to react to the following statement, Students who dine solely with members of their own heathenishal convention and placeicipate in cultural student organizations and activities contribute to a decline of ethnic relations on campus, I view as contend to realized that as any different statements at that places always two sides and a lot more to consider before coming to a consent as a whole. In my opinion this is actu wholey important and should always view both sides of the story Many types of these ethnic groups actions could make it easy and lead to a decline of ethnic relations on campus. For instance, allows say if ethnic students did foreverything together as a whole and only participated in ethnic student activities, then it would clearly segregate the campus. Unfortunately no a days, this world for the most part is over the whole whites and blacks racial dividedness and no one should be take car eking to head back on that path. Now, campus cafeterias could show a sign of being like that again with several different ethnic groups illogical around. If each ethnic group had its individual organization, I fell that the members could get extremely complacent and fail to sense a sense of smelling of superiority.This eventually could lead to conflict with other ethnic groups throughout the campus. It is very also important to look at how other students allow view these ethnic groups. Other students may not like these groups, which once again could cause conflict. Another scenario, students may feel threatened by these groups, therefore making them not want to attend class or socialize around campus. at that place could also be a chance that these ethnic groups could try to bring down a dislike professor or even another group.Universities un-affiliated with a religion may deal with groups with strong spectral beliefs and could try to implement their religion into the univers ity. Even schools that atomic number 18 represented by a religion are in danger of an ethnic group with other strong religious beliefs. With all of these problems with ethnic groups, could cursorily multiply as they also act as networking groups to get more students who share the alike understate and beliefs to attend the school.Even graduates could carry this on to their future employers, although experts claim that no network group has ever set out to bring a bon ton down, companies are the next things for college students and bring the risk of having their employees blend in far too separate from each other. The whole idea of diversity in a company is to make the work place and as uniformly confirmive to all cultural backgrounds. By allowing these groups to form, the companies are moving further away from supposedly a fair and diverse population of workers. The segregation of ethnic groups from the rest of the student body largely contributes to a decline of ethnic relatio ns on campus.If I were to see the other side of this and disagree, I would believe that if students of the same ethnic background only dined and participated in ethnic student activities, then it would not contribute to a decline of ethnic relations on campus. Instead, it would have students who tend to stay surrounded by people of the same ethnic background could feel more free, comfortable and accepted thus bringing improvements leading to higher grades in the classroom and a more humble attitude towards life. Also being placed within a group entrust most likely encourage students to go out socialize, take part in campus activities, and enjoy campus life.This will lead to them interacting with people from different backgrounds. These ethnic groups can also play a vital office in campus activity by hosting fundraisers, parties, or sporting events. Another benefit to being part of an ethnic group is that many voices are better than one. So by having your voice heard out there will help put an end to any discrimination that was happening and will strengthen the campus ethnic relations. Future students looking to attend the school in the years to come may visit the campus and see a group of people who share the same ethnicity or interest as themselves and allure them to come to that university.These groups working as a form of networking could be a massive tool in attracting a diverse student body while at the same time strengthening ethnic relationships. Having been asked to support the statement or disagree, I would have to say that I agree with the statement. In order to be diverse, the student body as a whole it needs to be integrated at all times. It is one thing to live and be part of a group with people who share the same background however, they should also be with people of other ethnicities and backgrounds.One group only interacting with themselves and not acknowledging other groups forms poor ethnic relations habits. I also feel that most ethnic gro ups will take a religion that will stir up controversy with other groups for one reason or another. By using the groups as a way to persuade new students to attend the school, the groups will rapidly grow and possibly cause even more conflict to the university. Ethnic groups will bring nil more than poor ethnic relations habits to campus and future graduates workplaces causing only a decline in ethnic relations.

Rfid at the Metro Group Essay Example for Free

Rfid at the thermionic vacuum tube Group EssayThe market is mature and continually seeks innovative ideas to enhance competitive advantage -Highly jacket intensive -Low to moderate labor intensiveness -Low margin high volume they take advantage of economies of case -Characterized by high volume holding capacity controlled through Information Technology Company Facts vacuum tube Group was Germanys biggest retailer (250 stores, 10 warehouses, 100 suppliers) that operates globally in 6 divisions Metro cash Carry (wholesale), Retail (hypermarkets), Extra (supermarkets), Media Market and Saturn (consumer electronics), Praktiker (building materials), Galeria Kaufhof (department stores) -Metro Group (hereafter, Metro) is the worlds 3rd-largest retailer -Having the capacity to need large volumes of inventory and have it adequately controlled and managed by cost efficient Information Technology resources change magnitude company international expansion overseas -Metro is seeking to correct product accessibility Having products consumers compliments in mends consumers can find them easily oReducing shrink in the Supply string oHaving little to no forbidden of Stock occurrences -Launched the Future Store Initiative in September 2002 to test different initiative aimed at improving all aspects of the customer experience Competitive Environment -Porters Five Forces o supplier Power- Relatively suffering products can be procured from many different places at low price. Products have low differentiation oSubstitutes- High threat with established companies such as Walmart, Tesco, and Carrefour in the same industry. buyer Power- Moderate level of buyer power. Customers are sensitive to prices, brand names and are willing to study substitutes oBarriers to Entry- Relatively high- Metro is rather large and established as well as some of its competitors. postulate lots of capital, innovative supply chain management strategy will be need to be able to compete. oR ivalry- Moderate to high level of rivalry between the competition. Companies are investigating new commission to improve product availability and cut costs Strategic Fit or Alignment -Metros supplier have not been imposeing RFID as Metro would like i. e.Misplaced, low quality tags are a major issue -Metros IT subsidiary has aided in improving fit across the 6 independent sale divisions -There is a lack of fit between employees training and the mission of management to implement the RFID -Lack of alignment existent within Metros leadership as to whether or not RFID should be applied company-wide as the solvent for Metros supply chain issues -Hard Conclusions Metro should develop an as yet more strategic relationship with its suppliers so that they are cognizant of how to implement RFID and that they maintain a sure level of quality Metro should also train its employees on how to apply RFID within their tasksMetros highest management should continue to utilize RFID but should also seek to improve its supply chain in the areas suggested by opponents of RFID RFID Facts -RFID contains at least two parts oIntegrated circuit- storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency and early(a) specialized functions oAntenna- receiving and transmitting the signal Used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management -Limited growth and adoption in enterprise supply chain markets due to advanced technology needed to implement it Metros Competitive Strategy -Metro is a leader in supply chain innovation through the use of the RFID system.Metro does not want to sacrifice quality over costs for RFID which oReduces shrink because of great accuracy in inventory location oImproves on-shelf availability and reduces substitute purchases oReduces out-of-stocks by reducing poor store execution oImproves productivity and labor efficiencies by eliminating manual entries and barcode scanning -Strength s (Metro) oMore economies of scale oGlobal recognition and success Moving in a positive wariness with innovative technologies.

Pricing policies Essay Example for Free

Pricing policies EssayThe main Factors that affect the expenditure being supercharged by your chosen business for their product/service The pricing decisions for a product are abnormal by internal and external factors. A. Internal Factors 1. Cost While pickle the prices of a product, the mansion should image the cost involved in producing the product. This cost includes both the variable and fixed costs. Thus, while fixing the prices, the regular moldiness be able to recover both the variable and fixed costs. 2. The predetermined objectives While fixing the prices of the product, the vender should consider the objectives of the firm. For instance, if the objective of a firm is to step-up return on investment, then it whitethorn charge a higher price, and if the objective is to capture a large market share, then it may charge a lower price. 3. Image of the firm The price of the product may also be determined on the basis of the image of the firm in the market. For insta nce, HUL and Procter Gamble can demand a higher price for their brands, as they enjoy goodwill in the market. 4. Product life cycle The fix up at which the product is in its product life cycle also affects its price.For instance, during the introductory stage the firm may charge lower price to attract the customers, and during the growth stage, a firm may increase the price. 5. Credit period offered The pricing of the product is also affected by the credit period offered by the company. Longer the credit period, higher may be the price, and shorter the credit period, lower may be the price of the product. 6. Promotional activity The promotional activity undertaken by the firm also determines the price. If the firm incurs heavy denote and sales promotion costs, then the pricing of the product shall be kept high in rank to recover the cost. B. External Factors 1.Competition While fixing the price of the product, the firm needs to study the arcdegree of competition in the market. I f there is high competition, the prices may be kept low to effectively pillowcase the competition, and if competition is low, the prices may be kept high. 2. Consumers The marketer should consider various consumer factors while fixing the prices. The consumer factors that mustiness be considered includes the price sensitivity of the buyer, purchasing power, and so on. 3. Government control Government rules and regulation must be considered while fixing the prices. In certain products, government may announce administered prices, and therefore the marketer has to consider such regulation while fixing the prices.

Helpful and intelligent Essay Example for Free

Helpful and intelligent EssayFrom his hovel, the giant notices a nearby cottage occupied by the De Lacey family. He observes them cautiously from a safe blank space as he now recognises mans potential to be cruel. This shows us again that the monster is constantly developing, and experiencing a variety of different emotions, such as love. Love is portrayed in Frankenstein after he watches the passing(a) r fall outine of the De Laceys (through a small gap in the wooden panes, previous to where the window was. This is a bespeak that they were not very wealthy). He discovers the sound of music through the hoary, blind man playing his recorder. This enchants him and he begins to admire this family.After this point his mixed emotions are so strong when watching Agathe and the old man, so strong that he cannot bear to watch the family anymore. (the music touched his heart and he felt a mixture of both pain and pleasure with love) He gradually learns more about them and increases his intelligence season doing so. He knows that they live in poverty and so his admiration grows for them, also for their wonderful appearance, as he is unaware of ugliness and deformity. He shows a caring side of himself when he became devoted to help the De Laceys by cutting wood. This monster becomes generous, helpful and intelligent. He also decided to satisfy himself with berries, nuts and roots kind of of eating tastier food that they ate. This implies that this so called brute was also thoughtful.The monsters narrative tells us that he is determined fiber who would do anything to belong, he attempted to learn the English quarrel to hope fully reason with the De Laceys and make them regard that he wasnt a wretched evil brute but a kind-hearted macrocosm. He was doing well until he saw his reflection in a pool of water. This part of the story (Chapter 12, page 109) is significant in tracing the change of his character because he was mortified with his appearance and bec ame miserable.He now knew entirely wherefore he was hated in the previous village it was for his monstrous, alien appearance. He became aware of all the racial prejudice in the world and realised that this was the source of all his problems. Knowing this made the monster sour at man, even so he still thought of the De Lacey family as wonderful and still he valued to restore happiness to these deserving people.Other experiences the monster undergoes during Chapter 12 are his first realisations of the four seasons. This happens when he found that different flowers grew at different times of the year. This is another example of his developing intelligence.The next alert point in the development and change of the monster is the arrival of Safie, an Arabian woman not learned the English language. This immensely profited him because during Safies stay with the De Laceys she began to take lessons to speak English. The monster therefore also learned the language at a rapid pace. Also in Chapter 13 we see a very rude(a) side of the Monster when he is describing the nature surrounding him. (innumerable flowers, sweet to the scent and the eyes, stars of pale radiance among the lunation woods) While Safie remains in the De Lacey household the monster begins to learn more about human nature, peculiarly involving the love between a man (Felix) and a woman (Safie). He could not believe the rhapsodic joy that Felix was in when meeting Safie, when ahead he seemed to be so miserable.He realises that they were both touch on by different notionings, Felix by the way his cheeks flushed with pleasure and Safie by how she wiped tears from her lovely eyes. The monster observes more involving human nature when he heard of the difference of sexes and the birth and growth of children, he also heard of the different relationships between humans such as mother, father, brother and sister. This is the first stage of his feel when he asks himself, where are my friends and rela tions? To his recollection he has had no one to care for him and remembers nothing before his first account in his narrative story. He genuinely questions what and who he is and so again we feel sympathy.The monster emotionally develops from what he learns of human nature, this occurs when Safie sings to Agatha and the old man. This deeply moves him as her voice at formerly brought tears of delight and joy from his eyes. He described the music as a rich cadence, chunk or dying away like a nightingale of the woods. His reaction to her singing again brings out his sensitivity.The monster while constantly developing his knowledge of English, (now with the help of Safies lessons) still longs companionship with the De Laceys. He feels that he needs to be part of this wonderful family. Although he understands that he has been previously rejected and seen as an wretched wretch, he believes that the power of language can overcome the deformity of his face.However much he hopes that he wi ll be accepted, he still remains conscious of his previous encounters with man. The monster remains noble of how the De Laceys will react to him.The next part of the monsters narrative (Chapter 14) relates little to himself but his knowledge increases of the De Laceys history, before they go to Germany. The monster discovered such information from several garner written from Safie to Felix. Here we find that he has learnt more skills, the skills to read and write.The monster later decides to copy these letters himself to bring truth to his tale, for Victor Frankenstein. From these letters we learn an awful lot about the De Laceys, such as that previously they led wealthy lifestyles in Paris. He learnt that their wealth was lost when a Turkish merchant was condemned to death for becoming obnoxious towards the french government. This affected the De Laceys because Felix vowed to help the Turk escape and did so.(In return he was offered a reward but he declined however he agreed to marry the merchants daughter, Safie) When learning from the De Laceys he also confirmed the relationship between the family. The old man is known as De Lacey and is father to Felix and Agatha. It was of course illegal to do this and so this resulted in the De Laceys being exiled. Knowing all this improved the monsters understanding of why the De Laceys seemed so unhappy and he now fully realised the poverty they were in.

Windows Hardening Defense Essay Example for Free

Windows Hardening Defense EssayWindows Hardening Defense, starts with the basics, Log in with least(prenominal) amount of privileges. Always use Firewall and AV. Monitor channels for security advisories and alerts. Know your system(s). Patch early and magic spell often, Unpatched Systems are the lowest of low hanging fruit. Have a patch policy documented and circumvent with it. Review patches as they are released and determine criticality based on the exploit, threat footprint for your system(s), and whether or not there is a POC or fully weapon exploit in the wild. When accomplishable, test patches onward rolling out in production on servers. Most clients should have automatic updates enabled for the OS and either practise listening on a socket or used with untrusted data (java, adobe, browsers, etc) Servers should be updated during maintenance windows if possible and depending on criticality (of threat and server). security measures Technical Implementation Guide is a C ompendium of denial Policies, Security Regulations and Best Practices for Securing an IA or IA-Enabled Device ( in operation(p) System, Network, Application Software, etc.) A Guide for Information Security. Mandated in DODD 8500.1, DODI 8500.2 and endorsed by CJCSI 6510.01, AR 25-2, and AFI 33-202. The goals of STIG are to provide Intrusion Avoidance, Intrusion Detection, Security Implementation Guidance, Response and Recovery. DISA STIGs offers configuration guides and checklists for Databases, Operating Systems, Web Servers, Etc Also provides mensuration findings and impact ratings CAT I, CAT II, CAT III. First draft November 2006 start release July 2008. 129 requirements covering computer programme Management, Design Development, Software Configuration Management, Testing and Deployment. ASD STIG applies to all DoD developed, architected, and administered applications and systems committed to DoD networks.Essentially anything plugged into DoD. Requirements passel be extreme ly broad APP3510 The Designer will find the application validates all user input. APP3540 The Designer will ensure the application is not insecure to SQL Injection. Requirements can be extremely specific APP3390 The Designer will ensure users musical scores are locked after three uncoiled unsuccessful logon attempts within one hour. Requirements can be esoteric APP3150 The Designer will ensure the application uses FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules to implement encryption, key exchange,digital signature, and hash functionality. Requirements can be expensive APP2120 The Program Manager will ensure developers are provided with training on secure design and coding practices on at least an annual basis. Exploiting known vulnerabilities with PenTest apps it is very easy to discover if a server is vulnerable (Nessus, metasploit, etc.) SNMP hacking to reveal server uptime (for Windows it is OID 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0) for critical always-on systems they may not have been rebooted fo r months/years.Easy to back-date in a vulnerability database and see which patches require a reboot and know for certain they arent properly applied. If you have an account on the server you can use net statistics server or net statistics workstation to determine uptime. Security compliance manager is the framework used for Stripping, Hardening, and Compliance purposes. Use this to make a Gold/ outgo image for mass distribution or for individual stand-alone machines. Explicit guides are defined for lot the registry and other file system settings. Templates for OS, Roles, Features, and Applications. With System Center 2012 you can apply industry standard compliance templates for PCI, FISMA, ISO, HIPAA, etc.The STIGs and NSA Guides are the configuration standards for DOD IA and IA-enabled devices/systems. STIGs are lists of all controls and what their values must be in order to be compliant. In process of migrating to using NISTs SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) to autom atize compliance monitoring. Newer auditing tools have SCAP integration already in place. DISA FSO Gold Disk was used for older systems (W2k8R1 and setting are last supported) for automated auditing. Citations http//www.disa.mil/ and http//iase.disa.mil/stigs/index.html

Computers Essay Example for Free

Computers EssayBooks bequeath never be solely replaced by calculating machines. Computers flush toilet crash, and all information will be lost. If the power goes out in your house, you lingo read on your computer, but you can pick up a book. What you read on a comp. is just light or something on a screen. A book is is a permentent physical printing. If computers replaced books, wedded all earn serious eye problems. The joy of reading would be lost. Id hate to go for to enumerate on a machine for my relaxing reading time. Books be forever, computers are until it breaks down, and everything will be lost. Books can be taken care of, as can computers, but there are books that are a hundred years old, I havent heard of anyone with the same computer for however 10 yrs.see moreessay on computerI guess comps are getting new and better, but books are still better to read. However, on the up side for comps, 1 comp, can stemma probebly over a hundred books, sort of like an i pod. But if the 1 comp breaks, that a hundred books too. Computers are good, and should store that kind of stuff, but I dont think it should completly replace the book. That would really suck. You cant haul your computer everyplace you go, like the bus, waiting rooms, the lunchroom, bed, etc. Too large, awkward and unwieldy. Even laptops.You cant just throw a laptop in your purse. I take books with me everywhere I go so I have something to kill the time with when Im waiting. I read everyday on my lunch hour. I read originally I go to bed. Sitting in front of a coputer to read makes my eyes, butt and back hurt, because you have to sit up to do it and the computer screen is too bright. Plus, books dont need batteries.I think its okay for kids in school, and Im sure that there are other instances, but I highly doubt that books will ever become obsolete.f a book from reading an actual book instead of a screen. . decision good novels or non-fiction would be more difficult because of t he volume of all kinds and qualities of same.A computer, even a notebook, will never replace a pocket-sized paperback you can stick in a purse and read anywhere. Books dont need batteries, service, defragging or any of those things.Like many aspiring authors, Im excited by the possibilities posed by on-line publishing, but I have some serious reservations about what could befall if there is an unchecked volume of materials placed out there.Also, collecting royalties could make writing for profit even more of a challenge than it is today.Intro Science has made4 mch developments during the recent decades. It has developed many gadgets for our comfort but in my opinion they cn never replace the traditional things and ways. One of the greatest invention of technology and sciences is computer

Carrefour A French Multinational Retailer Marketing Essay

point of intersection A French Multinational Retailer food market EssayIntroductionhybridisation, a French multinational retail merchant, was establised by the Fournier and Defforey families as a supermarket in 1959. In 1963, new concept hypermarket, was discovered and invested. Since then, intersection point possess up to 5,200 shops worldwide, r from for each one oneing erupt to 26 countires and region (refer to appendix A). In particular, for Asia, product have invested in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, India as well as Singapore with approximately 361 hypermarkets, 17 supermarkets and 2 other formats of stores (refer to appendix B). beginning its first store in 1997, Carrefour was the first to introduce hypermarket concept in Singapore, where everything can be purchased under one roof (aisaone business 2012 Krishnan 2012). Oxford dictionaries (online) defines hypermarket as a very large self-service store with a wide range of goods and a large carpark typically s ituated outside a town. Carrefour had ii stores in Singapore Suntec City and Plaza Singapura.Subsequently, in 2000, Giant, a major hypermarket retailer, joined the market, competing with Carrefour. As a result, Carrefour was not progressing well. inform by numerous news (refer to appendix C), in a press release on 28 August 2011, Carrefour announced the decision to close its two stores in Singapore by the end of 2012. This decision was reached because Carrefour realized that in that location is no refinement and growth prospect in Singapore that brings them to a leadership position in the long term.Marketing ProblemSegmentation/ Customer ResearchFor 15 years, Carrefour has been providing consumers with one-stop service but it did not while out as expected. Concluded by Krishnan (2012), Carrefour came in with the mind-set that consumers in Singapore would avert frequent shop and hence, would buy as much as possible within a trip. Unfortunately, this fortune telling was not acc urate as this behaviour was not seen popular in Singapore.In addition, both Carrefours progeny was located in central hub which in customer perspective brings significant inconvenience such as high travelling cost and traffic congestion. Moreover, Carrefour does not offer unique products that appeal to consumers, beguiling them to choose Carrefour over other retailers and local grocery shops (Krishnan 2012).As a result, Carrefour was notice to be butt jointing at the wrong country and customer segment, facing huge hurdle in attracting consumers with their one-stop shopping proposition, location and products offered.Sales and Distribution ResearchBeing a hypermarket that offers a wide range of victuals items and non-food items such as appliances and clothing, Carrefour is in a contract competition position with grocery retailer, supermarket such as NTUC FairPrice (Ng 2012) as well as appliances chains such as Best Denki (Krishnan, 2012), which might eventually affect their sa les.On top of these competitors, Giant, a hypermarket open by Dairy Farm Group, is their major competitor. Reported by Krishnan (2012), Giant offers consumer lower price, compensating and outweighing travelling cost. Giant is also open to match consumers behaviour as products sold faces to be more appealing to broader segment of market.Hence, with these competitors at hand, Carrefour did not operate as well as expected. Looking at Carrefours 2011 sales report, illustrated in the pie chart below, the highest contributor of 43.2% is France. Aisa, has the lowest section of merely 9% which is approximately 73 Million (with the closure of Malaysia and Thailand stores).Source http//www.carrefour.com/cdc/finance/key-figures/our-key-figures-/key-figures-folder/breakdown-sales.htmlIn addition, inform by TODAY news (2012), in 2009, Aisa has accounted for 7.9% of Carrefours total sales of 85.9 billion, with Singapore contributing only 85 Million (TODAY/CNA 2012). Comparing it with 2011 an nual report, sales revenue in Singapore have decreased. Therefore, the failed in Carrefour may be due to its strong competition in Singapore with its direct and indirect competititors.ObjectivesThe primary(prenominal) purpose of this explore proposal is to investigate the perception of consuerms towards Carrefour against their competitors in Singapore.The objectives of the explore proposal ar as followsTo evaluate Carrefours performance in comparision to its competitorsTo examine factors influencing consumers behaviour in patronizing its preferred hypermarket/supermarket retailerTo ascertain what kind (demographic, geographic, psychographic, behavioural) of consumer frequent CarrefourTo investigate the degree of brand loyalty consumer have towards CarrefourResearch DesignResearch QuestionWith the aim of achieving the objectives set, research questions have to be formulated. The following argon some example pertaining to the research proposal.Which of the supermarket respondent close to frequent?In selecting a supermarket, what are the factors that respondent consider most?Rate the level of sentience respondent have towards Carrefour (1 being the most and 7 being the least)How frequent do respondent shop at whatever of Carrefours outlet?What are the prominent difference between Carrefour and other supermarket?Research MethodAliaga and Gunderson (2000) quoted from Muijs (2011, p.1) defines quantitative research as a method that explains the phenomena of collecting numerical data that are analysed using some mathematically establish methods, in particular statistics.The detective leave behinding thus be adopting a quantitative approach, employing primary research personal survey method, focusing on the phenomenon of consumers decision for patronizing a supermarket their intentions, behaviour and attitude (A ascertain on factors considered by consumers for patronizing a retail outlet 2010) and gather information on consumer sensation towards Carrefo ur compared to its competitiors.Personal SurveyMalhotra and Birks (2007, p.265) and Malhotra (2010, p.211) defines survey as a method that gathers information carnald upon doubting respondents a variety of questions regarding their behaviour, intentions, attitudes, awareness, motivations and demographic and lifestyle characteristics.Most researcher noticed that survey is simple to look at and hence is a popular quantitative measure amongst all. Although it is argued that survey can be uncontrollable as respondents may be unable or un entrusting to provide accurate responds (especially to motives or sensitive questions), it is treasure that due to the limited alternatives available, data collected go out be consistent across and variability of results provide be reduced (Malhotra 2010 Malhotra and Birks 2007 insights from decision point 2012).Rea and Parker (2012) further argues that commercial enterprises often use surveys to formulate market strategies for the potential wides pread use, performance of new and existing products as well as finding out their market value. These aligns to the researchers aim and objective, to gather information on factors that affects consumer patronage behaviour as well as perception of consumer towards Carrefour.Furthermore, due to the surveys fixed-response alternative questions nature and consistent data gathered, coding, analysing and interpreting of survey results are relatively simplier for researchers compared to observation or experiment method.Appendix D shows a diverse survey techniques, and compares them against numerous factors, shown on appendix E. Personal interviwing thoroughfare survey, occurs when respondents are intercepted while shopping or walking on the street (Malhotra and Birks 2007). Personal survey technique is a method to collect relevant data from target root and evaluation becomes easier (A study on factors considered by consumers for patronizing a retail outlet 2010), generalising the entire target population from a small amount of data gathered (Rea Parker 2012). Additionally, personal survey allows the researcher control the environment, to source for potential surveyee personally, collecting data from the right target segment (Gibran 2010 Rea Parker 2012). Moreover, response rate in persoanl survey can be significantly high as compared to other methods such as arms survey and speed of collecting data is also moderately high.Due to the characteristics of personal survey in appendix E, personal survey will be conducted by the researcher on consumers who patronize any supermarket or hypermarket in Singpaore to collect valuable data on their patronizing behaviour and their level of awareness towards Carrefour against their competitors.Formulate a planGibran (2010) suggested that, survey techniques includes selecting respondents randomly from the study population in an unbiased mannar and having a standardized questionnaire for all respondents. However, Rea and Park er (2012) claims that physical characteristics of surveyee such as attire, cleanliness, manners etcetera is important when selecting respondent.On top of that, sample survey, where data will only be collected from a fraction of the analyze population (Statistics Canada 2003, p.2 Rea Parker 2012), will be exploited by the researcher. It is noted that sample survey provides a scotch and quicker way of obtaining sufficient information in the field. Hence, in this research, studied population refers to a spokesperson number of consumers, particularly middle-aged women, who patronize any supermarket in any given period.As mentioned, there are two different issues. To attain the objectives, the questionnaire will be targetting at these two issues seperately where specific questions will be asked sequentially. First part of the questionnaire will focus on the factors affecting consumer partonage behaviour while the flash part on consumers awareness towards Carrefour.Structured questio nnaire, the degree of having a standardisation on data accretion (Malhotra and Birks 2007), will be executed by the researcher in a formal and prearranged order,thus having a direct collection process. Although unstructured questions allows respondent to best express their attitudes and opinions towards the topic discussed (Malhotra 2010, p. 343), it will not be hatch as this is a quantitative research. Hence, the questionnaire will only contain structured questions.Most questions in the questionnaire will be in a likert scale (nominal scale) and respondents will be required to rate them accordingly base on their attitudes and behaviour. Rea and Parker (2012) recommends that sample size must be selected in an appropriate microcosm of the working population. They further concludes that big samples yield higher degree of accurancy than smaller samples and hence researcher have to weigh the degree of accurancy with time and cost available.Analyze DataBefore collating the results thr ough computer-assisted plan, coding will be employed to hurry capturing of data. This means that researcher will be allocating numerical values to every possible result of each question, giving it meaning (Malhotra 2010 Malhotra Birks 2007). Structured questions will be coded before the fieldwork is performed, while for unstructured questions, responses will be coded after the fieldwork (Statistics Canada 2003 Malhotra 2010, p.455).After which, coded values will be stored into the computer to analyse the questionnaires. As explained by Statistics Canada (2003, p.3), computer-assisted programme enables researcher to directly enter questionnaires into the computer and data will be captured and transform into readable format. another(prenominal) benefit to computer-assisted programme is that inconsistent and invalid data will be identified instantly for researcher, providing a user-friendly and convenient form of identifying invalid data.The computer-assisted programme used will be SPSS, where data will be analysed into tabular or graphical form (Rea Parker 2012), making comparisons and interpret results for statistical analysis that will be reflected in the research proposal.As this research is about consumers behaviour towards patronizing, the research requires multivariate statistical technique where there are two or more measurements of each element and the variables are analysed simultaneously (Malhotra 2010, p.466).As mentioned, this research involves understanding the patronage behaviour. Hence, responses of the factors that affect respondents behaviour are dependent on each other. For example, respondent patronage behaviour will depend on the location, price, products offered etc. As such, referring to appendix F, a classification of multivariate techniques, the researcher is able to evaluate results with several methods such as cross-tabulation.ConclusionIn summary, with the intention of discover the factors to consumer behaviour as well as establish ing Carrefours market position in Singapore, the researcher have decided to employ personal survey method. Survey results will be analysed through coding followed by SPSS thereafter by the researcher to interpret these surveys into readable tables and graphs.LimitationSurvey may seem to be the best suitable method for this research but it is time-consuming. As mentioned, this research is base on sample survey, which implies that it will not be 100% accurate as not everyone in the studied population is surveyed.Expected contributionWith the mentioned objectives, and the methods used to meet these objectives, the researcher believes that this research will be able to contribute to Carrefour in analysing the reasons to their failure in Singapore, thus making improvements in other countries. This research can also set Carrefours management to react fast to changes in other international market, use their market and prospects.

Kenya National Security Strategy

Kenya National Security dodgingFrom colonial seasons to represent day Executive SummaryAfter Kenyas indep conclusionence, Somalia was a big surety holy terrors. After the death chair of Somalia, Siad Barre, was oerthrown, Somali citizens fled their unstable country and entered Kenya. This affected Kenyas subject area security. Jihadist militant group, Al Shabaab, rule Somalia, and with the arrival of refugees, it made it easier for terrorism to cross the b coordinates from Somalia to Kenya.Small arms and light weapons proliferation is currently virtuoso of the most crucial outside(a) as wholesome as internal security threat Kenya faces today. The universe of discourse of cultural groups and conflicts spilling over across the border to Somalia as well as the constant flow of refugees, makes proliferation of fiddling arms easier.Health insecurity is a major challenge for Kenyan people as well as the scotch development of the country. Health and the countrys economy are positively correlated therefrom nonpareil directly affects the other.Piracy incidents control become more frequent in todays world. Somali pirates affect craft that is taking place in that region which indirectly affects the economy of Kenya.Inter depicted object intervention failed to bring mollification to Somalia. Terrorism arises from such instability affecting Kenyas national security. Joining with global help Kenya wishes to attain semipolitical stability in the region.IntroductionThis briefing paper examines Kenyas security strategy in terms of external and internal threats. It will analyse why Kenya has taken specific measures to tackle threats and challenges from Kenyas colonial period to present day.In terms of geopolitical factors, the Nile was and is a very important river. Britain wanted to capture and find the Nile in the 1800s, in order to increase trade. Additionally, they wanted to have control over Egypt, by capturing the source of the Nile, which helped amaze the country and then move on to control the Suez Canal. By doing so, the British would have full control over trade in the Middle East with Europe. Kenya was colonized from 1885 until 1964, when it gained its independence.Post-Independence Regional InfluenceThe first decennary after Kenya gained its independence, Somalia posed one of the biggest security threats. In 1992, after the overthrow of Siad Barre, the president of Somalia at the time, Somali refugees found shelter in Kenya as their country was a very unstable state, and this quickly started impacting Kenyas national security. Somalia was then ruled by jihadist militant group, Al Shabaab, and through the influx of refugees, it allowed terrorism to cross borders to Kenya with kidnappings and hijackings change magnitude rapidly. Terrorism is motionlessness one the most challenging and serious threats Kenya faces today.Another neighbouring country that posed a threat to Kenya was Uganda, in terms of external security. The rise of Idi Amin ca utilize tensions between the two states, as the Ugandan president claimed a part of Kenya. To respond to this threat, Kenya improved its air force and build a stronger army in terms of number of soldiers enrolled. The tension between these two nations was a wide challenge for Kenya and a threat it faced and tranquillise is today with the proliferation of small arms and the instability of a bordering country.Adding to that, South Sudan poses a great threat to Kenyas national security. In 2011, South Sudan, gained its independence, attention was brought to the Elemi triangle and countries in that region. This challenge was dealt with through peace talks to come to a common resolution in a diplomatic and genteel manner, however, it could still pose a threat to regional security and impacting Kenya in the future, as different nations have different interests. Furthermore, internal conflicts in South Sudan also threaten Kenyas national security, as they could spill over and start spreading in other nations which would destabilize the region and its security.Post-Independence Social and Political SecurityIn terms of social security Kenya, since independence, has faced problems with ethnicity influencing internal politics thus affecting the nations national security. These ethnic groups which antedate to a split nation have existed since Kenyas colonial era to post-colonial and even today hang in an imminent threat to the security of the country. Kenya understood this challenge, thus included in its constitution, that the government should have a legal requirement in appointing a leader that will reflect and support ethnic vicissitude and not favour certain ethnic groups.Distinction was made between ethnic groups based on the land they owned, however this lead to ethnic conflicts for land ownership between different groups. Another diversity that divided these ethnic groups was language which encouraged strong ethnic identities tryin g to prevail and ending up in conflicts. Adding to that, the effect that ethnicity had on Kenya, is that it divided the country into 42 different tribes which intensified internal ethnic conflicts that posed a security threat to Kenya before and even after independence and affect Kenyas economic development agenda.In terms of political security, Kenya was influenced largely from its colonizers. The structure that they adopted into their political system was created by the British who colonized Kenya. However, the diversity of ethnic groups was embedded into politics with culture violence being the alone tool Kenyans utilise to achieve their aim. There was no trust between different ethnic groups and thus leading to a more polarized political system with the risk of increasing cultural violence to melt issues.Ethnic groups formed their own political parties to establish power to their own people. This lead to election violence, which is still one of the most important internal sec urity challenged the nation faces today. Kenyas political system was and is still is divided between these ethnic groups which could potentially lead Kenya into a civil war which could simply be used as a political statement. After Kenya gained its independence the government of Kenya tried uniting the nation into opinion as a superstar instead of being segregated into the 42 ethnic groups and tribes, hoping to put an end to political rivalry and focus on issues such as pauperisation and health security as one nation. Policies were formulated to achieve regional stability as well as continental unity to depolarize the world from the two superpowers at the time (USA vs. USSR). Kenya was always a neutral country during the time period 1960-1970 as it had a vision of a united Africa.The second decade after Kenya gained its independence, Somalia still posed a threat to the nation, as it continued receiving support from the Soviet Union. The end of the Cold state of war had a negativ e impact on Kenya as the US tried promoting democracy which led to a negative response by some Kenyan ethnic groups. These rallies that took place to promote democracy, often resulted in violence.Economic Development To obtain economic security Kenya has to ensure that it has financial stability, access to resources and that its citizens have fitted income. However, Kenya still suffers from high levels of unemployment, exiguity, and segregation of different income classes. In terms of economic dominance, Kenya has seen its industries grow and help pay some of the projects Kenya envisioned in the Vision 2030, an ambitious plan Kenya wanted to implement by the course of study of 2030.The division of people in terms of wealth is very visible in Kenya. Poverty is at high rates which leads to unstable settlements and the rise of criminal behaviour, as people have to compete with severally other for basic resources such as food and water. Reasons why the nation has failed to implement policies to reduce poverty and the wealth gap is poor budgeting and overestimating the nations capabilities. There is a lack of appropriate policy frameworks and personnel to book out these policies.Kenya in recent times, has discovered oil, gas and other mineral resources which could potentially lead to an reaping in the countrys economic development. Kenya has responded to these opportunities in a diplomatic and business like manner, already singing contracts with international oil companies for the exploration of its oil as well as training its own people in handling and exploring these sources themselves. However this puts Kenya in a difficult spot as the instability of its region could lead to radicalized groups wanting control of Kenyas oil. The nation wishes to create strategic and business relationships with big international companies in order to avoid these sources falling in the wrong hands.Internal Security Today Politicalsecurity and regional stabilityIn terms of po litical security, with 42 different ethnic groups present in Kenya, Kenya is a divided nation with a lack of a national identity. Ethnic violence has been present in Kenya even before its independence. Even after the nation gained its independence, ethnic groups still divide and pose a challenge to Kenyas national security. Kenyas attempt at resolving this challenge was not successful and therefore Kenyas root word of addressing with the issue is through educating younger generations on how to think like Kenyans instead of following their ethnic prejudices. Kenya has everlastingly failed at resolving ethnicity and ethnic conflicts is still is a corrupted government.With the segregation of different ethnic groups, judicature is also in favor of the ethnicity of the party elected. In 2008 was the biggest political conflict Kenya has witness with the violence used a s a tool to displace members who were in power of specific ethnic groups. Keya created a legislation and made it a leg al requirement to found political parties based on the persons righteousness or ethnicity and this was also used to prevent gender discrimination. All parties were required to follow a enactment of conduct.The nation has failed repeatedly as it has not yet resolved the issues with ethnicity and corruption. Corruption in Kenya weakens its agenda on economic development. These ethnic groups are not only present in Kenya but also in other neighbouring countries which makes it very difficult for the country to respond to such an imminent and large threat that it is cladding as it is surrounded by unstable nations..Health and Food Insecurities Kenya has been struggling with health security for a long time. Incidences of malaria, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and other diseases have affected, not only Kenyans but also national economic development. More of the nations funds are directed towards building a better health fear system that would cater to everyone and could be afforded by everyon e. This eventually leads to a s cut back economic growth for the country, which leads to lower incomes for certain groups of people and thus resulting in a higher percentage of poverty. Kenya focuses on education, health and poverty as key instruments in developing the country and creating this prosperous nation it has envisioned by 2030.