Carrefour A French Multinational Retailer Marketing Essay

point of intersection A French Multinational Retailer food market EssayIntroductionhybridisation, a French multinational retail merchant, was establised by the Fournier and Defforey families as a supermarket in 1959. In 1963, new concept hypermarket, was discovered and invested. Since then, intersection point possess up to 5,200 shops worldwide, r from for each one oneing erupt to 26 countires and region (refer to appendix A). In particular, for Asia, product have invested in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, India as well as Singapore with approximately 361 hypermarkets, 17 supermarkets and 2 other formats of stores (refer to appendix B). beginning its first store in 1997, Carrefour was the first to introduce hypermarket concept in Singapore, where everything can be purchased under one roof (aisaone business 2012 Krishnan 2012). Oxford dictionaries (online) defines hypermarket as a very large self-service store with a wide range of goods and a large carpark typically s ituated outside a town. Carrefour had ii stores in Singapore Suntec City and Plaza Singapura.Subsequently, in 2000, Giant, a major hypermarket retailer, joined the market, competing with Carrefour. As a result, Carrefour was not progressing well. inform by numerous news (refer to appendix C), in a press release on 28 August 2011, Carrefour announced the decision to close its two stores in Singapore by the end of 2012. This decision was reached because Carrefour realized that in that location is no refinement and growth prospect in Singapore that brings them to a leadership position in the long term.Marketing ProblemSegmentation/ Customer ResearchFor 15 years, Carrefour has been providing consumers with one-stop service but it did not while out as expected. Concluded by Krishnan (2012), Carrefour came in with the mind-set that consumers in Singapore would avert frequent shop and hence, would buy as much as possible within a trip. Unfortunately, this fortune telling was not acc urate as this behaviour was not seen popular in Singapore.In addition, both Carrefours progeny was located in central hub which in customer perspective brings significant inconvenience such as high travelling cost and traffic congestion. Moreover, Carrefour does not offer unique products that appeal to consumers, beguiling them to choose Carrefour over other retailers and local grocery shops (Krishnan 2012).As a result, Carrefour was notice to be butt jointing at the wrong country and customer segment, facing huge hurdle in attracting consumers with their one-stop shopping proposition, location and products offered.Sales and Distribution ResearchBeing a hypermarket that offers a wide range of victuals items and non-food items such as appliances and clothing, Carrefour is in a contract competition position with grocery retailer, supermarket such as NTUC FairPrice (Ng 2012) as well as appliances chains such as Best Denki (Krishnan, 2012), which might eventually affect their sa les.On top of these competitors, Giant, a hypermarket open by Dairy Farm Group, is their major competitor. Reported by Krishnan (2012), Giant offers consumer lower price, compensating and outweighing travelling cost. Giant is also open to match consumers behaviour as products sold faces to be more appealing to broader segment of market.Hence, with these competitors at hand, Carrefour did not operate as well as expected. Looking at Carrefours 2011 sales report, illustrated in the pie chart below, the highest contributor of 43.2% is France. Aisa, has the lowest section of merely 9% which is approximately 73 Million (with the closure of Malaysia and Thailand stores).Source http//www.carrefour.com/cdc/finance/key-figures/our-key-figures-/key-figures-folder/breakdown-sales.htmlIn addition, inform by TODAY news (2012), in 2009, Aisa has accounted for 7.9% of Carrefours total sales of 85.9 billion, with Singapore contributing only 85 Million (TODAY/CNA 2012). Comparing it with 2011 an nual report, sales revenue in Singapore have decreased. Therefore, the failed in Carrefour may be due to its strong competition in Singapore with its direct and indirect competititors.ObjectivesThe primary(prenominal) purpose of this explore proposal is to investigate the perception of consuerms towards Carrefour against their competitors in Singapore.The objectives of the explore proposal ar as followsTo evaluate Carrefours performance in comparision to its competitorsTo examine factors influencing consumers behaviour in patronizing its preferred hypermarket/supermarket retailerTo ascertain what kind (demographic, geographic, psychographic, behavioural) of consumer frequent CarrefourTo investigate the degree of brand loyalty consumer have towards CarrefourResearch DesignResearch QuestionWith the aim of achieving the objectives set, research questions have to be formulated. The following argon some example pertaining to the research proposal.Which of the supermarket respondent close to frequent?In selecting a supermarket, what are the factors that respondent consider most?Rate the level of sentience respondent have towards Carrefour (1 being the most and 7 being the least)How frequent do respondent shop at whatever of Carrefours outlet?What are the prominent difference between Carrefour and other supermarket?Research MethodAliaga and Gunderson (2000) quoted from Muijs (2011, p.1) defines quantitative research as a method that explains the phenomena of collecting numerical data that are analysed using some mathematically establish methods, in particular statistics.The detective leave behinding thus be adopting a quantitative approach, employing primary research personal survey method, focusing on the phenomenon of consumers decision for patronizing a supermarket their intentions, behaviour and attitude (A ascertain on factors considered by consumers for patronizing a retail outlet 2010) and gather information on consumer sensation towards Carrefo ur compared to its competitiors.Personal SurveyMalhotra and Birks (2007, p.265) and Malhotra (2010, p.211) defines survey as a method that gathers information carnald upon doubting respondents a variety of questions regarding their behaviour, intentions, attitudes, awareness, motivations and demographic and lifestyle characteristics.Most researcher noticed that survey is simple to look at and hence is a popular quantitative measure amongst all. Although it is argued that survey can be uncontrollable as respondents may be unable or un entrusting to provide accurate responds (especially to motives or sensitive questions), it is treasure that due to the limited alternatives available, data collected go out be consistent across and variability of results provide be reduced (Malhotra 2010 Malhotra and Birks 2007 insights from decision point 2012).Rea and Parker (2012) further argues that commercial enterprises often use surveys to formulate market strategies for the potential wides pread use, performance of new and existing products as well as finding out their market value. These aligns to the researchers aim and objective, to gather information on factors that affects consumer patronage behaviour as well as perception of consumer towards Carrefour.Furthermore, due to the surveys fixed-response alternative questions nature and consistent data gathered, coding, analysing and interpreting of survey results are relatively simplier for researchers compared to observation or experiment method.Appendix D shows a diverse survey techniques, and compares them against numerous factors, shown on appendix E. Personal interviwing thoroughfare survey, occurs when respondents are intercepted while shopping or walking on the street (Malhotra and Birks 2007). Personal survey technique is a method to collect relevant data from target root and evaluation becomes easier (A study on factors considered by consumers for patronizing a retail outlet 2010), generalising the entire target population from a small amount of data gathered (Rea Parker 2012). Additionally, personal survey allows the researcher control the environment, to source for potential surveyee personally, collecting data from the right target segment (Gibran 2010 Rea Parker 2012). Moreover, response rate in persoanl survey can be significantly high as compared to other methods such as arms survey and speed of collecting data is also moderately high.Due to the characteristics of personal survey in appendix E, personal survey will be conducted by the researcher on consumers who patronize any supermarket or hypermarket in Singpaore to collect valuable data on their patronizing behaviour and their level of awareness towards Carrefour against their competitors.Formulate a planGibran (2010) suggested that, survey techniques includes selecting respondents randomly from the study population in an unbiased mannar and having a standardized questionnaire for all respondents. However, Rea and Park er (2012) claims that physical characteristics of surveyee such as attire, cleanliness, manners etcetera is important when selecting respondent.On top of that, sample survey, where data will only be collected from a fraction of the analyze population (Statistics Canada 2003, p.2 Rea Parker 2012), will be exploited by the researcher. It is noted that sample survey provides a scotch and quicker way of obtaining sufficient information in the field. Hence, in this research, studied population refers to a spokesperson number of consumers, particularly middle-aged women, who patronize any supermarket in any given period.As mentioned, there are two different issues. To attain the objectives, the questionnaire will be targetting at these two issues seperately where specific questions will be asked sequentially. First part of the questionnaire will focus on the factors affecting consumer partonage behaviour while the flash part on consumers awareness towards Carrefour.Structured questio nnaire, the degree of having a standardisation on data accretion (Malhotra and Birks 2007), will be executed by the researcher in a formal and prearranged order,thus having a direct collection process. Although unstructured questions allows respondent to best express their attitudes and opinions towards the topic discussed (Malhotra 2010, p. 343), it will not be hatch as this is a quantitative research. Hence, the questionnaire will only contain structured questions.Most questions in the questionnaire will be in a likert scale (nominal scale) and respondents will be required to rate them accordingly base on their attitudes and behaviour. Rea and Parker (2012) recommends that sample size must be selected in an appropriate microcosm of the working population. They further concludes that big samples yield higher degree of accurancy than smaller samples and hence researcher have to weigh the degree of accurancy with time and cost available.Analyze DataBefore collating the results thr ough computer-assisted plan, coding will be employed to hurry capturing of data. This means that researcher will be allocating numerical values to every possible result of each question, giving it meaning (Malhotra 2010 Malhotra Birks 2007). Structured questions will be coded before the fieldwork is performed, while for unstructured questions, responses will be coded after the fieldwork (Statistics Canada 2003 Malhotra 2010, p.455).After which, coded values will be stored into the computer to analyse the questionnaires. As explained by Statistics Canada (2003, p.3), computer-assisted programme enables researcher to directly enter questionnaires into the computer and data will be captured and transform into readable format. another(prenominal) benefit to computer-assisted programme is that inconsistent and invalid data will be identified instantly for researcher, providing a user-friendly and convenient form of identifying invalid data.The computer-assisted programme used will be SPSS, where data will be analysed into tabular or graphical form (Rea Parker 2012), making comparisons and interpret results for statistical analysis that will be reflected in the research proposal.As this research is about consumers behaviour towards patronizing, the research requires multivariate statistical technique where there are two or more measurements of each element and the variables are analysed simultaneously (Malhotra 2010, p.466).As mentioned, this research involves understanding the patronage behaviour. Hence, responses of the factors that affect respondents behaviour are dependent on each other. For example, respondent patronage behaviour will depend on the location, price, products offered etc. As such, referring to appendix F, a classification of multivariate techniques, the researcher is able to evaluate results with several methods such as cross-tabulation.ConclusionIn summary, with the intention of discover the factors to consumer behaviour as well as establish ing Carrefours market position in Singapore, the researcher have decided to employ personal survey method. Survey results will be analysed through coding followed by SPSS thereafter by the researcher to interpret these surveys into readable tables and graphs.LimitationSurvey may seem to be the best suitable method for this research but it is time-consuming. As mentioned, this research is base on sample survey, which implies that it will not be 100% accurate as not everyone in the studied population is surveyed.Expected contributionWith the mentioned objectives, and the methods used to meet these objectives, the researcher believes that this research will be able to contribute to Carrefour in analysing the reasons to their failure in Singapore, thus making improvements in other countries. This research can also set Carrefours management to react fast to changes in other international market, use their market and prospects.