Tumour Immunotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tumour Immunotherapy - try on ExampleOne such treatment option is kn sustain as immunotherapy (also known as biologic therapy or biotherapy) in which the bodys immune mechanism is utilized to fight against crabmeat. Immunotherapy implicates progressive immunotherapy (cancer vaccines) and passive immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies). Active immunotherapy stimulates the bodys own immune dodge to fight the disease on the other hand passive immunotherapy utilizes immune system components (such as monoclonal antibodies) which have been created outside the body (Waldmann, 269).Active immunotherapy against cancer has been much less active against cancer in comparison to other infectious diseases. Even though vaccines (targeted against cancer antigens) for providing protection against conglomerate cancers, (especially cancer cervix) have been veritable, their force has yet not been significantly proven (Waldmann, 270). Besides the limited triumph with active immunization, there ma y be many challenges which may reduce the efficacy of active immunization. The check into of literature by Waldman (269-272) discusses some of these challenges and the ways to deal with them. One of the main challenges is identification of antigens on tumor tissue (neoplasm rejection antigens) which can produce rejection in the host by producing an elaborate T-cell response. Some of the tumour rejection antigens include tumour specific antigens, the results of mutations, viral antigens in cancers associated with viruses and tumour specific differentiation antigens (Waldmann, 269).One method of defining cancer associated antigens is to define antigens recognized by the tumour bearing host by identifying the go antibodies reared against tumour antigens in the host. Technique of serological identification by recombinant expression cloning called SEREX is used to identify circulating IgG that are specific to the tumour antigens. Screening cDNA libraries from tissues using tumour rea ctive T-cell lines and clones, followed by mass spectrophotometeric analysis is another approach that can be used (Waldmann, 269, 270).Other ways of improving the efficacy of active immunization include enhancement of the function of antigen presenting cells by inducing the maturation of dendridic cells using agents the like GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-, etc. Efforts have been made to enhance the function of T-cells. Certain cytokines have been introduced into the vaccine preparations in ramble to improve their efficacy. Assays of measuring vaccine efficacy by measuring their cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion etc have also been developed (Waldmann, 272). Challenges associated with passive immunotherapyInactivation of transferred anti-tumour T cells for immunotherapy by the hostile immunosuppressive microenvironment created by the tumour tissue has shortly limited the scope of passive immunotherapy. However in future there is a possibility to develop better and more effective immunotherapies by adopting inactivating mechanisms, which would protect anti-tumor T cells in the tumour microenvironment, thereby resulting in the destruction of the cancerous tissue. One such immunosupressive mechanism involves cAMP-elevating Gs-protein coupledA2 receptors. These receptors